3 pages in length. The general research problem Lipman et al (2000) attempt to address revolves around the relationship between children with Type 1 insulin-dependent diabetes and the prevalence of cardiovascular disease as a complication. The predominant coupling of cardiovascular disease and Type 1 diabetes in children requires a greater understanding of environmental factors and the impact they have upon the presence of CVD in these afflicted children. Lipman et al (2000) seek to determine if preventive monitoring measures will serve to be an effective means by which to enable "early identification and treatment of known risk factors" (p. 160). The ultimate goal is to combat factors directly associated with cardiovascular disease and Type 1 insulin-dependent diabetes in children, which the authors believe can be achieved by adopting a preventive approach. Bibliography lists 3 sources.

A 3 page discussion of the fact that most diseases are not determined solely by either genetic makeup or environment. While some diseases truly are determined by either genetics or environment alone, most are determined by a combination of factors. Tay Sachs Disease and Cardiovascular Disease are contrasted to illustrate the differences. Bibliography lists 5 sources.

12 pages in length. The writer discusses the physical problems associated with cigarette smoking, including lung cancer and cardiovascular disease. Statistics included. Bibliography lists 15 sources.

A 5 page paper critiquing a research article for form and validity. The article can be said to have weaknesses in form in that it does not include a literature review and does not define the terms it uses. It still is a highly useful study that can inform patient care, however, particularly the care of peri- and postmenopausal women at risk for developing cardiovascular disease. Bibliography lists 2 sources.

An 11 page paper discussing angina from a nursing perspective. Angina pectoris can be regarded as an 'early warning system' heralding cardiovascular disease, but it also is a condition that itself needs to be managed. Treated angina results in far fewer occurrences of myocardial infarction (MI) than untreated angina. Patients know that the possibility of MI is great after they are diagnosed with angina, and nurse-led care programs are highly effective in providing quality patient education as well as alleviating patients' fears. This paper reviews the condition and discusses nurse-led management of it. Includes a 3-page outline and an abstract. Bibliography lists 7 sources.