Research Papers on Philosophy

Click on any of the research paper to read a brief synopsis of the paper. The essay synopsis includes the number of pages and sources cited in the paper.

• Philosophy Of Religion
• God's Existence & Freewill
• Classic Greek Philosophy
• More Philosophers

 

Research Papers on Philosophy

Click on any of the term papers to read a brief synopsis of the research paper. The essay synopsis includes the number of pages and sources cited in the paper.

• Thomas Hobbes and Aristotle on Human Nature

  A 5 page paper that argues the fact that Aristotle's ancient view of the inherent state of human nature, a state which posits that man is born into a natural state of civilization that nurtures the cause of the common good, is a more fitting assumption of man's nature as it was intended than is the philosophy of Thomas Hobbes, which posits that man is born an inherently selfish and warring creature. Discussed are reasons why Aristotle's philosophy should be viewed as a philosophy of hope for the twenty-first century while Hobbes' philosophy basically presents a philosophy of destruction. Bibliography lists 5 sources.

• Communications Skills of Oprah Winfrey

  This 5-page paper discusses the communication styles and philosophies of talk show host Oprah Winfrey and how such styles and philosophies can be put to good use with an organization.

• Fides et Ratio - Philosophy

  A 10 page paper that begins with some of the many statements made in this Encyclical about philosophy. The focus of this essay is on the relationship between philosophy and the Church. Numerous examples are included from the text to illustrate how the Pope related the importance of the interrelationship of philosophy to theology to doctrine. Bibliography lists 3 sources.

• Education and its History

  This 13 page paper deals with the philosophies of education of several experts in the field, namely Barbara Thayer-Bacon, and Joe Kincheloe. Works cited include Philosophy Applied to Education, and Contextualizing Teaching. Constructivist and indivdualistic views are discussed as well as philosophies that impacted the modern development of the educational processes. Bibliography lists 3 sources.

• Fides et Ratio - Philosophy

  A 10 page paper that begins with some of the many statements made in this Encyclical about philosophy. The focus of this essay is on the relationship between philosophy and the Church. Numerous examples are included from the text to illustrate how the Pope related the importance of the interrelationship of philosophy to theology to doctrine. Bibliography lists 3 sources.

• John Dewey's Educational Philosophy

  6 pages in length. Celebrated American philosopher, John Dewey, postulated that all life was interconnected amidst education, art and the environment. Through his teachings, Dewey passed along his philosophies to countless students in several colleges across the country. Education as we know it today has greatly benefited because of the insightful philosophies of one of America's foremost thinkers. The writer briefly encapsulates Dewey's philosophies as they developed throughout his career.

• Twenty First Century Philosophy

  6 pages in length. Is there philosophy after the twentieth century's end of philosophy? Indeed, if humanity is to continue in a forward progression, one might readily argue that there had better be philosophical thought in the twenty-first century. Contemporary philosophy is spawned from the past; without historical influence, today's world would have no resemblance to its current state. Without the necessary and inherent contribution of philosophy, the twenty-first century would offer no direction to the humans who look toward it in anticipation of a better world. Bibliography lists 4 sources.

• Jesus Christ and Friedrich Nietzsche

  A 3 page essay that compares and contrasts Jesus and Nietzsche. The Gospel According to St. Matthew records the Jesus' Sermon on the Mount (Matt. 5:1-7:29). This sermon effectively summarizes Jesus' moral teaching. In his text The Consolation of Philosophy, Alain de Botton offers an interesting perspective on the life and philosophy of nineteenth century German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche. Amazingly, De Botton finds commonality between the philosophy expressed by Jesus and that of Nietzsche. This is amazing because Nietzsche's philosophy is commonly regarded as the antithesis of Christianity. Nevertheless, De Botton, in offering a kinder, gentler view of Nietzsche, shows how there are life affirming points in supremacist orientation. No additional sources cited.

• Philosophy of Healthcare Management

  A 3 page essay that discusses the writer’s personal philosophy regarding healthcare management. No bibliography is offered.

• Medieval Christianity: Music and Sculptures

  A 6 page paper which examines how the Medieval philosophy of Christianity influenced music and sculpture of the time period. Bibliography lists 7 sources.

• Doctrine of the Trinity and Saint Augustine

  A 14 page paper which discusses Augustine’s theology and philosophy concerning the Doctrine of the Trinity. Bibliography lists 9 sources.

• Practical Life Exercises in the Montessori System

  This 8 page paper discusses the Montessori educational philosophy and how it provides the foundation for practical life activities. Bibliography lists 10 sources.

• Rene Descartes, Philosophy and Psychology

  This 5 page paper discusses Rene Descartes’ influence on philosophy but especially on psychology. Bibliography lists 7 sourcs.

• Bruce Lee’s Philosophy

  A 4 page paper which examines the philosophy of Bruce Lee. Bibliography lists 4 sources.

• Challenges and Achievements of Educational Philosophy

  This 8 page paper provides an overview of a personal educational philosophy. Bibliography lists 2 sources.

• Philosophy, Ideology, Theory and the Teaching Profession

  This 3 page paper discusses the terms "philosophy," "ideology" and "theory" and how they relate to the teaching profession. Bibliography lists 3 sources.

• Philosophy and Imagination in William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge

  An 8 page paper comparing and contrasting the styles and philosophies of these two early nineteenth-century poets. The paper uses as examples Wordsworth's 'Ode on the Intimations of Immortality from Recollections of Early Childhood' and Coleridge's 'Rime of the Ancient Mariner' , and concludes that whereas Wordsworth's poetry is philosophy in verse, Coleridge gives us images we can see and feel. Bibliography lists six sources.

• Vocation of Man and Fichte's Philosophy

  A 5 page research paper that examines how the philosophy of Fichte built on that of Kant to form the foundations for the philosophical school of absolute idealism. This analysis of his book The Vocation of Man gives an overview of his philosophy. Bibliography lists 6 sources.

• Philosophy of Nursing and How It Has Evolved

  A 3 page overview of the evolution of nursing from the Cartesian philosophy towards a holistic approach. The author notes that this evolution is back in the direction of the philosophy the nursing profession held at its inception. Contemporary research reveals that this approach is indeed more effective in terms of patient outcome. Bibliography lists 6 sources.

• Nursing Philosophies of Betty Newman and Jean Watson

  This 5 page paper provides an overview of a nursing philosophy, based on the application of the perspectives of Jean Watson and Betty Newman. This paper demonstrates the integration of the theoretical and practical in the development of a nursing philosophy. Bibliography lists 5 sources.

• Jean Watson's Nursing Theories

  This 5 page paper examines the philosophies of Jean Watson and determines how that viewpoint may be applicable to the philosophy of a nursing student. More specifically, this paper highlights the importance of Watson's wholistic approach to nursing care. Bibliography lists 3 sources.

• Nursing Philosophy and Parse's Theory of Human Becoming

  A 9 page research paper that delineates nursing philosophy, first of all, by epistemology, ontology and ethics, and then examines how personal nursing philosophy can be informed by Parse's Theory of Human Becoming. The final section of proposes a personal viewpoint toward the epistemology of nursing research. Bibliography lists 5 sources.

• Nursing and Ethical Values

  A 5 page paper discussing whether it is possible to teach ethics and ethical values in nursing. The answer is a resounding yes, of course. In support of that position, the paper discusses the philosophies of Kant, Mill and Rawls. While Kant and Mill (the categorical imperative and “the greater good”) provide a sound basis, the philosophy of Rawls is seen as being most directly applicable to teaching ethics in nursing. Bibliography lists 9 sources.

• Plan for Managing the Classroom

  A 6 page research paper that covers several topics. First of all, the writer offers a philosophy of classroom management in bulleted format. Then, there is a sample letter to be sent home to parents describing this philosophy and listing class rules. Then, there is a task analysis (homework) and a plan for the implementation of the management plan. The paper concludes with a brief description of what should be included in a substitute teacher plan. Bibliography lists 5 sources.

• History and Evolution of Hare Krishna

  10 pages in length. There exist a great many philosophies by which people live their lives that help maintain order and a sense of direction that otherwise would merely drift in subconscious thought. One particular philosophy that has not set well with mainstream society is that of Hare Krishna, which partakes of the spiritual side of life by eschewing that which is overtly materialistic and shallow. The writer discusses the history, legal problems and ultimate maturation process of the Hare Krishna movement. Bibliography lists 10 sources.

• Life's Service and Disservice According to Friedrich Nietzsche

  This 6 page paper talks about Nietzsche's essay entitled History in the Service and Disservice of Life. The ideas are related to modern philosophy. The concepts are further compared with Greek philosophy. Concepts regarding history and its importance are discussed in general. No additional sources cited.

• Professional Practice and Nursing Philosophy

  A 5 page research paper. A nurse's philosophical outlook on the profession necessarily impacts the manner in which that individual acts on a day-to-day basis. Basically, philosophy supports professionalism by providing a strong foundation for practice. The following discussion of nursing philosophy and practice demonstrates how these two aspects of nursing practice are related, focusing on the manner in which basic nursing concepts provide a rationale that supports and facilitates the implementation of standards of professional practice. Bibliography lists 6 sources.

• Time Capsule: Renaissance & The Age Of Baroque

  7 pages in length. The writer discusses art, music, architecture, literature and philosophy as they pertain to the Renaissance and Baroque periods. Bibliography lists 9 sources.

• Nursing Knowledge: Development And Utilization

  12 pages in length. The philosophy of nursing is something much grander and more complex than most people realize; not only does it incorporate views, metaparadigm, paradigms and theories, but it also includes the consideration of nursing as a discipline and profession as well as an art and science. Indeed, the basis of nursing knowledge is founded within the synthesis of all these elements which - when taken as a unit instead of individually - serves to synergistically encapsulate the very nature of nursing philosophy. Bibliography lists 13 sources.

• The Nursing Metaparadigms/Nursing Philosophy

  This 5 page research paper/essay discusses the parameters of nursing philosophy, as related to the nursing philosophy of the Jacksonville University School of Nursing and the four nursing metaparadigms of Person, Environment, Health and Nursing. Bibliography lists 3 sources.

• H.G. Bissinger's Friday Night Lights A Town, a Team, a Dream

  A 5 page discussion of the underlying philosophy of win-win at any costs which author Bissinger exposes has resulted in significant social problems in Odessa Texas, the home of the Permian Panthers. At the same time, however, this philosophy is not unique to Odessa. It permeates high school sports across the nation and has the potential for phenomenal societal costs. No additional sources are listed.

• Personal Philosophy of Nursing

  A 3 page essay that offers a template for a student nurse to use in writing about his/her personal nursing philosophy. A nurse’s beliefs “regarding humanity, values, the nature of nursing, the focus of nursing, the goals of practice and the focus of nursing research and education” collectively formulate a personal philosophy of nursing that informs and shapes that particular nurse’s practice behaviors (Courier, 2008). As a medical profession, nursing knowledge draws upon the related scientific fields (CSUB, 2006). However, nursing also goes beyond the medical model of healthcare delivery to stress humanistic, caring qualities that address the emotional, psychological side of human experience, as well as physiological needs. The purpose of the following essay is to provide a guide to a nursing student that can aid that student in describing his or her own personal philosophy of nursing. Bibliography lists 3 sources.

• Life as Seen Through the Classics

  5 pages in length. There exist a great many philosophies by which people live their lives, which ultimately help maintain order and a sense of direction that otherwise would merely drift in subconscious thought. Examining these varied philosophies as they relate to Benjamin Franklin's attitude toward achieving material wealth and rising in the world; Henry David Thoreau's argument for a more spiritual way of life; Ralph Waldo Emerson's insistence on the need for self reliance and thinking for one self even to the point of separation from others; and Nathaniel Hawthorne's sad portrait of Young Goodman Brown, one finds that the separation between and among these philosophies reflects the distinct separations that also divide society. Bibliography lists 6 sources.

• Personal Philosophy of Nursing

  A 3 page essay that offers a template for a student nurse to use in writing about his/her personal nursing philosophy. A nurse’s beliefs “regarding humanity, values, the nature of nursing, the focus of nursing, the goals of practice and the focus of nursing research and education” collectively formulate a personal philosophy of nursing that informs and shapes that particular nurse’s practice behaviors (Courier, 2008). As a medical profession, nursing knowledge draws upon the related scientific fields (CSUB, 2006). However, nursing also goes beyond the medical model of healthcare delivery to stress humanistic, caring qualities that address the emotional, psychological side of human experience, as well as physiological needs. The purpose of the following essay is to provide a guide to a nursing student that can aid that student in describing his or her own personal philosophy of nursing. Bibliography lists 3 sources.

• Emergency Room and Making Ethical Decisions

  A 9 page paper discussing the philosophies of Kant, Mill and Rawls to inform decision-making in nursing, but perhaps the philosophy of Rawls is most directly applicable to nursing. Though wholly unworkable on a national scale, using Rawls’ philosophy in teaching nursing ethics and values works beautifully with nursing’s reason for being. From the nursing perspective, the “least advantaged member of society” is that one confined to a hospital bed. Ethics of choice does not require a great deal of time to process, for it is intent – rather than outcome – that carries greatest weight in determining the morality and justice of a decision. Bibliography lists 9 sources.

• Practice, Knowledge, and Nursing Theory's Role

  An 11 page research paper that examines the relationship between theory, knowledge and practice. Florence Nightingale asserted that there is no differentiation between "men of thought" and "men of action" and that an "ideal" or philosophy should not be considered as isolated, but rather incorporated into everyday routines (Jacobs, 2001). In other words, Nightingale felt that there should be no artificial barriers between philosophy or theory and the utilization of nursing knowledge and practice. Nightingale obviously regarded herself as a woman of action, "dealing with daily activities of nursing," yet nursing scholars frequently portray her as more of a theorist and philosopher (Jacobs, 2001, p. 17). It was Nightingale's position that theory should lead the development of knowledge and practice and this is the orientation reflected in the vast majority of nursing literature, as this review illustrates. Bibliography lists 11 sources.

• Following Watson's Example/Personal Philosophy of Nursing

  A 10 page research paper/essay that offers a guide for contrasting and comparing a student nurse's personal nursing philosophy to that of nursing theorist Jean Watson. The writer argues that each individual nurse brings personal perception to the act of interpreting Watson's theory. This interpretation is necessarily influenced by that nurse's personal history, knowledge level, and understanding. The purpose of this discussion of Watson's theory is to compare and contrast it with the personal nursing philosophy of a particular nursing student. The paradigms of person, environment, health and nursing are addressed. Bibliography lists 9 sources.

• Nursing Philosophy for Professional Practice

  A 7 page research paper that discusses a student-formulated professional philosophy of nursing practice, which is that making clinical judgment decisions in nursing care should be comfort based and founded on an understanding and knowledge of the patient’s continuous evolving physical and mental state. This examination of literature discusses how this philosophy can be applied to the four nursing domains of person, environment, health/illness and the nurse. Then, a broader perspective is given that takes into account the expectations of ANA standards of practice, the requirements of law and JCAHO standards. Bibliography lists 7 sources.

• Blake and Wordsworth

  A 6 page essay that offers 2 3-page essays: one on William Blake’s “Chimney Sweep” poems and one on William Wordsworth’s “The World is Too Much With Us Late and Soon.” The writer in each case uses the poems to discuss each poet’s poetic philosophy and style. No additional sources cited.

• Ancient Writings Like Epic of Gilgamesh and Ideology

  This 6 page paper looks at the Epic of Gilgamesh along with four ancient poems. These are compared and contrasted and similar themes are highlighted. There is a great deal of attention to religion and philosophy. Bibliography lists 6 sources.

• Philosophy of Negative Capability in the Poems of John Keats

  In four pages this paper examines how Keats used technique to employ his philosophy of negative capability in some of his most famous poems. Two sources are listed in the bibliography.

• 'The Aurora of Autumn and the Plain Sense of Things' by Wallace Stevens and 'Wasteland' by T.S. Eliot Compared and Contrasted

  This 10 page paper discusses the poetry of T.S. Eliot in his work, The Waste land, and compares/contrasts it with the work of Wallace Steven's collection in The Aurora of Autumn and The Plain Sense of Things. The two poets are compared/contrasted on points of worldview, philosophies, subject selection, as well as an analysis of various poems from the collections. Bibliography lists 2 sources.

• Humanism Themes in Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience by William Blake

  This 25 page paper gives an in-depth detailed analysis of William Blake's humanist views as exampled by his poems in both Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience. Specific, cited, quoted, examples are given which indicate Blake's humanism. Reasons for his philosophy are also explored as well as leading theories from scholarly journals and experts on Blake literature. Loads of quotes. Bibliography lists 10 sources.

• Journeys and Their Philosophical Meaning in 'Inferno' by Dante Alighieri and 'The Odyssey' by Homer

  A 5 page paper which examines the role of philosophy in the similar journeys taken in each of these epic poems. No additional sources are used.

• Plato's Views on the Ethics of Healthcare

  17 pages in length. The writer discusses Platonic philosophy as it pertains to abortion, animal research, euthanasia/suicide and withholding information from terminally ill patients. Bibliography lists 12 sources.

• Natural Law and Saint Thomas Aquinas

  This 5 page paper discusses the contributions of St. Thomas Aquinas in terms of Natural Law doctrine. Description of Natural Law is included as well as other Aquinas philosophies and background. Bibliography lists 8 sources.

• Natural Law and Jeremy Bentham

  A ten page paper which looks at Jeremy Bentham's assertion that natural rights are mere rhetoric, with reference to the social and legislative definition of rights and to Bentham's moral philosophy in general. Bibliography lists 7 sources.

• Nature of Law Understanding and the Tool of Deconstruction

  This 4 page paper examines law and the philosophy of law to consider what value deconstruction may provide to the interpretation and study of the nature of law. The paper summarises the use of deconstruction and then looks at how it may add value. The bibliography cites 5 sources.

• Twentieth Century Changes in the Relationship Between the U.S. Economy and American Law

  5 pages in length. The writer discusses how the extent to which one can gauge the impact of the changing relation between American law and the American economy over the course of the twentieth century is by many things, not the least of which is by examining Keynesian philosophy. Earl Warren's equality style liberalism is also discussed. Bibliography lists 7 sources.

• Theology and Philosophy in the Church

  A 9 page paper that demonstrates how the Church integrates philosophy and theology. One of the major sources for the paper is Pope John II Encyclical on faith and reason. Bibliography lists 7 sources.

• Martin Luther King Jr. and Rene Descartes on Skepticism

  This 8 page paper discusses how both of these men were skeptical about certain aspects of life. Additionally, this paper analyzes how their skepticisms influenced their lives, philosophies and teachings. Bibliography lists 5 sources.

• Comparing Healthcare in Zambia with Healthcare in United States

  This 14 page paper looks at the universal healthcare system in Zambia, considering its main characteristics, underlying philosophies as well as the strengths and weaknesses of the system along with the challenges it faces. This system is then compared with the healthcare system of the United States, with both systems discussed in the context of the social and economic environment within their relative countries. The bibliography cites 11 sources.

• Philosophy of Forrest Gump

  This 5 page paper discusses the strength and weakness of the character, Forrest Gump. Gump's philosophy as comes from the sequence of events in his lifetime, are exampled and examined. Bibliography lists 1 source.

• Concept of the Human Imagination

  This 15 page paper examines the concept of imagination. The paper delves into both the disciplines of psychology and philosophy. The concept of imagination is defined and explored historically. Bibliography lists 7 sources.

• Reason Plus Spirituality Equals Enlightened Theology

  A 5 page paper that examines the integration of the sciences of philosophical thinking and theological belief beginning with the Age of Enlightenment in the eighteenth century. The progression of this integration is traced across the nineteenth century and through the 1960s racial tensions of the twentieth century. Included are the philosophies of Jonathan Edwards, Ralph Waldo Emerson, William James, W.E.B. DuBois, Martin Luther King, Jr. and Malcolm X. Bibliography lists 6 sources.

• Bhagavad Gita and Concepts of Good and Evil

  A 5 page research paper on the ancient religious text, the Bhagavad Gita. The writer argues that Western theology tends to see the world in terms of being strictly good or strictly evil, and that today the Western world is slowly catching up to the theological stance that was worked out in Eastern philosophy somewhere between the fifth and fourth century B.C. and expressed in the religious text the Bhagavad Gita. Bibliography lists 4 sources.

• Reformation Concepts of Skepticism and Faith

  A 2 page paper that examines the two fundamental issues of philosophy and theology that were involved in the Reformation Period, the issues of faith and skepticism. Discussed are the introduction of Martin Luther's Protestant beliefs in 1517 and the era of new philosophical and theological thinking that followed. Bibliography lists 2 sources.

• Evaluating The Protestest Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism by Max Weber

  This 13 page paper gives a thorough evaluation and analysis of Max Weber's work, The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. Criticisms are supported with quotes from the text as well as informed opinions of experts in the fields of sociology, theology, and philosophy. Bibliography lists 9 sources.

• Aquinas by F.C. Copleston

  A 3 page essay that analyzes F.C. Copleston's Aquinas, An Introduction to the life and work of the Great Medieval Thinker (1955). The writer argues that Copleston offers a balanced and well-written account of Aquinas' life and his contributions to theology and philosophy. This examination of Copleston's text shows that his interpretation of Aquinas' work is enlightening and insightful, particularly in regards to Aquinas' cosmological argument on the existence of God. No additional sources cited.

• Issues in Chinese Medicine and Medicinal Nutrition

  A 3 page research paper that discusses the history and philosophy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and describes the common elements it shares with Chinese medicinal nutrition. Bibliography lists 5 sources.

• Relationship Between Baconian And Cartesian Philosophy During The Scientific Revolution

  3 pages in length. The relationship between Baconian and Cartesian philosophy with regard to the scientific revolution of the 16th and 17th centuries reflects the dawning of rational thought over that of theology. As a positivist, Francis Bacon upheld the belief that experience and observation are the two most critical components of knowledge, a pairing he believed eclipsed the dubious aspect of mysticism; by contrast, behind Descartes' principle was the concept of being in touch with such internal aspects as beliefs, ideas, reasoning, hopes, thoughts, memories and temperament. Bibliography lists 3 sources.

• Saint Augustine of Hippo and Plato's Influence

  This 5 page paper conpares the work of Plato to the development of a Christian philosophy by St. Augustine. Using the principles of Platonic reasoning, then, this paper shows how St. Augustine arrived at his conclusions in De Immortalitate Animae. Bibliography lists 2 sources.

• Final - Organizational Leadership

  An 8 page paper that responds to three issues about leadership. The paper discusses the importance of leadership in change management and includes comments about resistance; the centrality of ethics in leadership reminding the reader of the consequences of unethical behaviors and discusses resistance; and the writer's leadership philosophy, which is meant to demonstrate the application of a personal leadership perspective. Bibliography lists 7 sources.

• Comparing Synoptic Gospels with Plato's The Republic A COMPARISON OF: THE REPUBLIC OF PLATO AND THE SYNOPTIC GOSPELS

  This 8 page paper compares the Synoptic Gospels and their messages to the philosophies of Plato in The Republic. Quotes cited from text. Bibliography lists 2 sources.

• Free Speech and J.S. Mill

  5 pages in length. In response to the article entitled "New Battles in Old War Over Freedom of Speech," John Stuart Mill would attest to the fact that mankind is bound to the limits provided by the masses. Mill fit into the general history of political, economic and social thought by applying his interpretation of society and the utilitarian philosophies by which it should abide. The concept of utilitarianism speaks well to the stance on free speech Mill supported. Bibliography lists 2 sources.

• Homeless Shelter Oral Hygiene Teaching and Albert Bandura's Social Learning Theory

  A 5 page discussion of the motivational theory behind dental hygiene. The author stresses that dental hygiene is a necessary component of good health. The observation is made, however, that in the homeless environment dental hygiene often falls by the wayside. A necessary focus of the homeless shelter, therefore, should be to reinstill the importance of good dental hygiene. A variety of motivational philosophies are reviewed with an emphasis on those by Albert Bandura. Bibliography lists 6 sources.

• Developmental Psychology: Theories

  8 pages in length. Theories and concepts in developmental psychology assist in understanding the challenges individuals face at different stages of their life. The contributions of such prominent theorists as Bandura, Watson, Skinner, Maslow, Kohlberg, Erikson, Fowler and Piaget have served to assemble a collection of developmental philosophies that provide a significantly better understanding of why people develop the way they do. Bibliography lists 9 sources.

• Early Perceptions of Mental Illness

  This 3 page paper begins with a report of how abnormal behavior and mental illness was perceived in earlier centuries. The writer comments on the influence of philosophy on psychology and on how the relationship between mind and body were perceived. Bibliography lists 5 sources.

• The Practice and Philosophy of Adult Education

  In this 5 page paper, the writer describes their own personal philosophy of adult education, which is a combination of three of the five primary philosophical orientations in the field. Each of the three are described. The writer then goes on to discuss Knowles' comments on andragogy as compared to pedagogy. Finally, a mission statement for the adult educator is provided with a conclusion that describes an overriding principle of adult education. 1 Table included. Bibliography lists 8 sources.

• Questions on Death of a Salesman Answered

  A 3 page paper that gives brief answers to 7 questions on Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman. Topics covered include Willy's philosophy, Biff's motivation and Willy's death as compared to Dave Singleman's. No additional sources cited.

• Free Market, Private Property, and Freedom of the Press

  A 9 page examination of the liberal concept of freedom of the press. The contention that liberals consider private property and free markets to be a precondition for freedom of the press is examined in relation to the philosophy of John Locke and the political concept of capitalism. Bibliography lists 7 sources.

• Public Finance

  A 4 page paper that discusses specific issues. The paper begins with comments related to what the philosophy of public finance seems to be today (spend, spend, spend), then discusses the differences between governmental accounting and non-governmental accounting and lastly, comments on government budgeting and financial reporting. Bibliography lists 4 sources.

• Dr. Martin Luther King's Ideologies and How They Contributed to His Murder

  In six pages this paper takes a sociological approach to Dr. King’s 1968 assassination, considering how his personal and professional philosophies may have led to his demise. Four sources are listed in the bibliography.

• Nursing Studies: Identifying the Underlying Theoretical Frameworks

  This is an 8 page paper that provides an overview of nursing theories. A nursing study is analyzed in terms of Watson's philosophy of care. Bibliography lists 5 sources.

• Personal Nursing Philosophy

  This 3 page research paper/essay offers suggestions to a nursing student on how to go about describing the student's personal nursing philosophy, which draws upon Jean Watson's Theory of Human Caring. Bibliography lists 3 sources.

• Dorothea Dix, Pioneer of Nursing

  A 3 page research paper that discusses the life, career, and nursing philosophy of nursing pioneer Dorothea Dix, who was instrumental in both founding and expanding more than 30 hospitals devoted to the treatment of mental illness. Bibliography lists 2 sources.

• Jean Watson, Nursing Theorist

  A 4 page research paper that discusses the career and philosophy of nursing theorist Jean Watson. The writer briefly discusses Dr. Watson's biography but then concentrates on discussing her Theory of Human Caring and its implications to nursing practice. Bibliography lists 4 sources.

• Philosophy of Nursing

  A 7 page example essay that describes a personal philosophy of nursing. This perspective on nursing draws heavily on the career of Florence Nightingale and offers comparisons between this first modern nursing theory and the student's hypothetical personal position. Bibliography lists 3 sources.

• The Psychological Contributions of Mary Whiton Calkins

  This is a 6 page paper that provides an overview of Mary Whiton Calkins. Her contributions to psychology and philosophy are explored. Bibliography lists 3 sources.

• Nursing and Knowledge

  A 12 page paper assessing how we know what we know, beginning with a discussion of knowledge as seen by Plato and Descartes. There are four types of knowledge that the nurse uses: empirical, ethical, aesthetic and personal. From this base, the paper discusses the points of philosophy present in the Simultaneity Parse worldview. Within this framework, the nurse draws on knowledge both held and created according to the current situation, using a much greater depth of knowledge and can be expected to gain more positive results. Bibliography lists 5 sources.

• Balance of Philosophy and Nursing Values

  A 6 page paper discussing the juncture of values, philosophy, theory and legality in providing direct patient care. The paper discusses some of the reasons that individuals choose nursing, and provides an overview of each of the four broad areas reviewed in the paper. The paper includes brief discussions of the theories of Orem and Roy, as well as the primary ethical values of nursing: autonomy, beneficence, non-malficence, fairness and fidelity. Bibliography lists 7 sources.

• Democratic Nursing Leadership

  A 3 page research paper that discusses what constitutes a democratic nursing leadership style. The write draws upon current research to help formulate a personal philosophy of nursing leadership. Bibliography lists 3 sources.

• Theology and the Impact of the Enlightenment

  A 10 page paper discussing the role of the Enlightenment and the philosophy of Immanuel Kant in the shaping of modern theology. Kant observed, "If we are asked, 'Do we now live in an enlightened age?' the answer is, 'No, but we do live in an age of enlightenment.'" Kant provided a framework within which individuals are able to hold to faith in God and grow in autonomy and personal responsibility while yet relying on God to direct their lives. Pre-Enlightenment theology kept the individual from the throne in the same way that the curtain separated individuals from the Most Holy Place of the tabernacle. The Enlightenment – aided by Kant's philosophy – tore away the curtain that men had replaced long after Jesus' death. Modern theology can make the way clear, but it is still left to individuals to choose to travel the path. Bibliography lists 15 sources in 25 footnotes.

• Voltaire's Candide and Literature of the Enlightenment

  A 4 page essay that discusses how Voltaire's Candide exemplifies the Enlightenment. Burns (1969) asserts that Voltaire "epitomized the eighteenth century period known as the Enlightenment in a manner similar to the way that "Luther epitomized the Reformation or Leonardo da Vinci did the Italian Renaissance" (Burns, 1969, p. 571). It was Voltaire who popularized the scientific and political theories of John Locke and Isaac Newton, as he promoted the Enlightenment perspective that the natural world can be understood via the use of reason. Voltaire's Candide (1759) is representative of his Enlightenment philosophy and shows the extent to which this philosophy differed radically from what came before it. Bibliography lists 3 sources.

• Journal Article on Organizations and TQM Reviewed

  An 11 page critique of a journal article on TQM using other articles as a measure by which to critique it. There are several references available on the implementation of Total Quality Management (TQM), and dozens with reports of how it "fails" in two-thirds of the attempts to implement it. Those companies unsuccessful in making TQM a foundation of their business most often have selected only a few of the principles of the entire TQM philosophy, however, choosing to attend to the mechanics of the philosophy rather than the underlying principles of attention to customers and employees. The paper includes a short glossary of terms. Bibliography lists 6 sources.

• 21st Century Corporate Success and Management Reporting

  A 5 page paper that examines the benefits of management reporting as part of a productive and profitable inter-enterprise business management philosophy. Included is a description of a type of management reporting and analysis software that is currently being offered as an innovative solution to organizational and management reporting problems. Bibliography lists 3 sources.

• Gateway Inc. and the Application of Sales Management Principles

  An 11 page paper. This essay presents a sales plan for Gateway, Inc., which is the #2 direct marketer of personal computers. Topics include: description of Gateway, Inc, including their vision and philosophy; selected fiscal data; marketing mix (4Cs); competition; fiscal comparison with primary competitor; competitive environment; goals; marketing strategies; sales plan monitoring and controlling; summary and conclusions. 2 tables are included. Bibliography lists 12 sources.

• Math Lessons and Classroom Management Plan for 3rd Grade Inclusion

  A 9 page paper that presents a classroom management plan, including rules and policies and how they will be established, reinforcement and contracts, routines. The paper then provides two math lessons and finally discusses the inner discipline philosophy. Bibliography lists 8 sources.

• Greek Philosophy and Literature: A Review of Concepts

  This is a 5 page paper that provides an overview of concepts from Greek philosophy. Literary examples are used to explain arete, eros, hubris, paideia, and logos. Bibliography lists 5 sources.

• 3 Major Airlines and Management

  A 9 page paper discussing the similarities and the management philosophies of American, United and Delta. All old, established companies, they are the three leaders of the US airline industry in terms of total revenues. Neither was profitable until the federal government authorized air mail by private carrier in 1925, and all three operate with only an uneasy peace with their pilots. The paper asks whether any of the three practices TQM, and concludes, based on the company-as-hostage stance of the pilots, that they do not. Bibliography lists 12 sources.

• Public Sector and Human Resource Management Issues

  This 3-page paper analyses two statements about public sector human resources. First, that the values and philosophies of HRM are suitable for integration into the public sector, and second, that the public sector has witnessed radical changes in human resource management. Bibliography lists 3 sources.

• 3 Companies and Their Styles of Management

  A 4 page paper discussing management changes and philosophy of DaimlerChrysler; Sunbeam under “Chainsaw Al” Dunlap; and Harley-Davidson under Rich Teerlink. The ultimate point seen is that more people-oriented management is the better choice. Bibliography lists 4 sources.

• Philosophy of Nursing and Values

  A 5 page paper discussing the values and philosophy of nursing, as well as nursing as a profession. Much of the focus of development of nursing over the past century has been on professionalism that has been based on theory and practice, while education, licensing and standards of care have addressed technical expertise requirements. Though true for any profession, that of nursing is not for everyone. Nursing requires a particular type of commitment and level of caring. Bibliography lists 6 sources.

• Children, Stress Fractures, and Tennis

  A 4 page research paper that discusses the risk of repetitive stress fractures in children, with a focus on playing tennis. The writer discusses stress fractures, stress fractures as they occur in tennis, and coaching philosophy to ensure that the sport is safe for children's participation. Bibliography lists 6 sources.

• Interview With Nurse CEO

  A 7 page paper that begins with a summary of this hypothetical interview with a nurse who is the CEO of a health network. The essay responds to certain questions asked and provides elaboration from the literature. Questions focus on leadership issues, such as definition, trends, qualities, philosophy, learning experiences, mentors and more. Bibliography lists 4 sources.

• Philosophy of Nursing and Future Plans

  An 8 page research paper/essay that offers a guide to a student, using tutorial language, that provides a guide to writing a personal philosophy of nursing and then turns its focus to the crucial role that obtaining a Bachelor's degree in nursing science can play in a nursing career before closing with a discussion of author's short-term and long-term professional goals, which includes becoming a trauma nurse practitioner. Bibliography lists 4 sources.

• Daily Living Through Zen Buddhism

  10 pages in length. The writer provides a detailed description of Zen Buddhism, as well as discusses how meditation represents a significant component of this spiritual philosophy and of the practical psychology of daily living. Bibliography lists 7 sources.

• Humanism and Educational Philosophy

  This 10 page paper gives an overview of the educational philosophy of humanism and its application in the classroom. Positive attributes of this application in the classroom as well as examples as applied to divergent learners and over all affect on the students' abilities to internalize concepts. Bibliography lists 5 sources.

• Developmental Psychology: Theories

  8 pages in length. Theories and concepts in developmental psychology assist in understanding the challenges individuals face at different stages of their life. The contributions of such prominent theorists as Bandura, Watson, Skinner, Maslow, Kohlberg, Erikson, Fowler and Piaget have served to assemble a collection of developmental philosophies that provide a significantly better understanding of why people develop the way they do. Bibliography lists 9 sources.

• 'Father of Psychology' Wilhelm Wundt

  A 4 page research paper that examines the life and work of Wilhelm Wundt. The history of psychology begins with this topic being studied as sub-topics under the fields of both philosophy and physiology (Oakley, 1995). It became a field in its own right primarily through the work of Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920) who is frequently referred to as the "Father of Experimental Psychology" or simply as the "Founder of Modern Psychology." The writer briefly examines his life and accomplishments. Bibliography lists 3 sources.

• Outpatient Clinic for Pain Management Establishment

  A 15 page paper discussing the establishment of a freestanding pain management clinic attached to a nursing home but also available for adult day care. The paper discusses pain management philosophies; alternative methods of managing pain; past problems of abuse of pain-killing drugs in the elderly; and the business issues of establishing and maintaining the clinic. Bibliography lists 14 sources.

• Manufacturing and Management

  A 5 page paper. The writer responds to a student-supplied statement regarding management by defining and describing management, the primary functions of management, a brief overview of management philosophies, and a discussion of motivation with concluding comments. Bibliography lists 7 sources.

• Operations Management and the Saturn Corporation

  This 8 page paper begins by explaining and defining operations management. It then provides an introduction to Saturn Corporation, including the company's mission and value statement and the philosophy upon which the company was established. Next is a discussion of the operations management processes at Saturn Corp. Finally, the writer comments on what can be learned from how Saturn operates the plants. Bibliography lists 8 sources.

• MetLife Management

  A 5 page paper assessing MetLife’s management and marketing in terms of its strategy for the future. This old company went public in 2001 and now focuses on banking and total financial planning as well as life and health insurance. It seeks to be relevant to customers’ lives in the present, rather than being important only at some time in the future. The paper discusses the composition of the Board of Directors, actions by CEO Robert H. Benmosehe to effect the changes at MetLife, as well as the company’s marketing philosophy. Bibliography lists 5 sources.

• A Total Quality Management Overview

  An 8 page paper written as an internal report on TQM as a possible route for a company to take to increase quality while reducing costs. The paper provides an overview of TQM; its history and development; the Baldrige Award; and underlying management philosophy. Bibliography lists 6 sources.

• Total Quality Management and the Effects of Human Resources Management

  This 8-page paper discusses the concepts of Total Quality Management and Human Resources Management, and how the two philosophies co-exist to help a company reach and maintain competitive advantage. The paper discusses definitions of the two concepts, then links the two. Bibliography lists 3 sources.

• Philosophy Through the Ages

  A 3 page research paper that offers a brief survey of how a variety of major philosophers have addressed the basic questions of philosophy. Bibliography lists 2 sources.

• A History of Temperament Theories

  This 10 page paper provides a historical report of theories about temperament. The history begins about 2,500 years ago when the four humors were proposed, a theory that was continued to be popular in the Middle Ages and even later. Philosophies and scientific advancements changed the theme somewhat but there continued to be four dimensions of temperament. Even Keirsey proposed four dimensions of temperament. It was in 1990 when five dimensions of temperament were proposed by McCrae and Costa, Jr. Bibliography lists 6 sources.

• America's Civil War, Literature, and Art

  This paper, written in the style of a tutorial essay, describes the influence that the United States Civil War had on art, literature and the general philosophy of the country. The main thesis contends that, as the nation healed from divisiveness in the years following the war, that art and literature reflected the healing. Bibliography lists 5 sources.

• Early Renaissance Literature, Architecture, Art, and Theology Integration

  This 5 page report discusses the Early Renaissance (1400-1494) is used as an example of the inter-relatedness that exists between very different human endeavors ranging from architecture to literature and philosophy to art but that still provide insight to how ideas were transmitted and interpreted in a multitude of ways. Bibliography lists 4 sources.

• Classical Literature Compared

  A 5 page paper which examines these classical literary works converge, in terms of literature, philosophy and theology; their differences in viewpoints; and their central themes and highlights. Bibliography lists 7 sources.

• Number 0 and its History

  A 5 page review of the history of the manner in which the number zero came into common mathematical usage. Traces its development to Mesopotamia and through the various other regions of the world. Distinguishes between the mathematical concept and the philosophy of nothingness. Bibliography lists 3 sources.

• Common Themes in Jung's Theories and Buddhism

  A 10 page overview of Buddhist principals and how those principals relate to the psychoanalytical philosophies of Carl Jung, one of the most notable psychoanalysts of all time. This paper emphasizes that while Buddhist practices vary according to culture, geography, and time, there are several underlying principals which do not vary. Jung’s fascination with the religion lie in its tendency to question. Bibliography lists 14 sources.

• Postmodernism and Cinema Neo Noir

  A 15 page research paper that examines the relationship between neo-noir films and postmodernism. The writer argues that examination of neo-noir films shows that their philosophy dovetails nicely with postmodern principles and conceptions. Like postmodernism, neo-noir films present a view of reality in which society's institutions and conventions inevitably fail to meet the needs of the protagonist. Bibliography lists 9 sources.

• Melville's "Le Samourai" - A Portrait of Existential Values

  This is a 6 page paper that provides an overview of Melville's "Le Samourai". Comparisons to other films such as "Les Enfants Terribles" are drawn, showing how the film expresses the European postwar philosophy of existentialism. Bibliography lists 3 sources.

• Analyzing Bowling for Columbine from a Sociological Perspective

  An 8 page research paper/essay that analyzes Michael Moore's 2003 film Bowling for Columbine from the sociological perspective of Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim and Max Weber. The writer briefly states the philosophy of each man and then applies this to analysis of the film. Bibliography lists 3 sources.

• The History of Wal-Mart

  When the first Wal-Mart opened in the early 1960s, the idea of discount shopping among rural America was almost unheard of, except for the five-and-dime stores. But with Wal-Mart founder Sam Walton's vision, Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. today is a multi-billion dollar, international company. This paper examines Walton's philosophy, a little bit of history, and some glances into the future. Bibliography lists 6 sources.

• Case Study on Toxic Waste Exporting and Ethics

  This 5 page paper discusses a case study supplied by the student. A company executive is proposing to build a new chemical plant in a Third World country knowing that the gases released cause a persistent haze and also can cause liver cancer in a very small number of people and mostly when they are elderly. The executive uses utilitarian philosophy to justify the proposal. This paper addresses specific questions related to the case. Bibliography lists 1 source.

• The Impact of Vertical Integration on Health Care Systems

  A 12 page proposal for a study on the impacts of vertical integration on administrations in health care systems. This proposal supports the thesis that effective administrative processes, including management philosophies and information systems are necessary for the cost effective use of vertical integration. Bibliography lists 10 sources.

• A Case Study to Demonstrate Influences on the Delivery of Mental Healthcare

  This 10 page paper uses the fictitious case of a mental health patient living in the community to illustrate the impact that political philosophies and statutory instruments have on the way care is provided for those suffering from mental illnesses. The paper is written with reference to policies and legislation in the UK. The bibliography cites 20 sources.

• Why Should One Choose Nursing?

  This 8 page paper provides a response to the issue of why a person should pursue a career in nursing. This paper considers how a nursing philosophy comes into play in regards to this professional choice. Bibliography lists 4 sources.

• 'Health as Expanding Consciousness' Nursing Philosophy of Margaret Newman

  A 3 page research paper that discuss Margaret Newman's Margaret Newman's philosophy of nursing, Health as Expanding Consciousness. This nursing model is founded on the concept that health is not a stationary goal, but rather part of a continuum. Newman posits that lifetime behavior patterns can be identified and manipulated in such a manner as it becomes possible to use an episode of illness as an opportunity to achieve greater health. Bibliography lists 4 sources.

• Mr. V and a Nursing Ethics Case Study

  A 10 page paper discussing a case of ethics of choice. Mr. V is terminally and wishes to give up his struggle. He is on a morphine drip, and the nurse on duty has instruction to decrease the drip should his respirations drop to four per minute. Mr. V maintains that he was resuscitated against his wishes; the nurse claims she merely followed instructions. The paper discusses the ethics of the case in terms of the philosophy of Kant and Mill. Bibliography lists 5 sources.

• Theoretical Foundations for Nursing, Various Issues

  This 6 page research paper addresses a variety of issues in regards to the theoretical foundation of nursing. Topics covered include the definition of emancipatory knowledge and praxis, differentiating between science and philosophy, strategies for transformational leadership, among other issues. Bibliography lists 7 sources.

• Comparing Psychological Theories of Gestalt and Adler

  This 10 page paper discusses, compares and contrasts the Adlerian psychology to Gestalt psychology and the therapies which grew out of these philosophies. Bibliography lists 6 sources.

• Existence, Delusion, Doubt, and Destiny

  An 8-page paper that explores man's obsession with his origin, the reason for his existence and his ultimate destiny following death. Included is a discussion of the philosophy of absolute doubt and absolute certainty as developed by Rene Descartes as well as a discussion of man's destiny as outlined in the Holy Bible. Bibliography lists 6 sources.

• Jazz as Modernism

  A 5 page research paper that offers a discussion that, first of all, examines the philosophy of art that characterizes the modern period and, then, demonstrates how jazz, specifically the music of Jelly Roll Morton and his "King Porter Stomp," embodies this aesthetic. Bibliography lists 7 sources.

• Mozart's Don Giovanni and Figaro

  A 7 page research paper/essay that examines Mozart's Le Nozze di Figaro (The Marriage of Figaro) and Don Giovanni, which shows that these two operas are mirror images of Mozart's Enlightenment era philosophy on the struggle between the classes. The writer emphasizes how the plots of these operas demonstrate Enlightenment concepts (music is addressed in this regard, but not the focus of the paper). Bibliography lists 6 sources.

• Thinking About Music, An Introduction to the Philosophy of Music by Lewis Rowell

  A 10 page book review that summarizes and critiques Lewis Rowell's Thinking About Music, An Introduction to the Philosophy of Music (1983). The writer points out that a careful reading of the title suggests that the author does not limit himself to music, but rather places music within a philosophical framework that encompasses the entirety of Western art and culture. No additional sources cited.

• Ambient Music of Brian Eno

  A 6 page research paper that examines the techniques and philosophy behind the genre of music that Brian Eno invented in the 1970s. The writer argues that this music, ambient music, was decades ahead of its time and evaluates its form and significance. Bibliography lists 6 sources.

• Mind and Body Dualist Philosophy and Rene Descartes' Psychology

  A 9 page paper which explores the significance for psychology in René Descartes’ mind-body philosophy, most notably the issues involved in dualism and the problems it presents. Bibliography lists 9 sources.

• Psychology: Informal Practice To Bona Fide Science

  3 pages in length. The field of psychology has not always been held in such high regard within the scientific environment, having had the task of proving its worth and validity as a legitimate discipline and not merely an ambiguous offshoot of philosophy. As the field began to expand and notable theorists established what are now standard principles, psychology ultimately earned its place within the scientific community alongside other closely controlled fields of study. Bibliography lists 2 sources.

• Psychology and Personality Theory

  6 pages in length. Establishing a personality theory that challenges those already in existence by such famous industry names as Freud, Ellis, Beck and Rodgers must incorporate a significant understanding of just how the field of psychology effectively encourages more than merely one approach. The practice of psychology, which stems from a portion of philosophy that addresses the issue of behaviorism, evolved into a significant discipline of its own. The writer discusses that through experiential introspection, psychology eventually came to represent the very essence of mental performance and, therefore, personality theory. Bibliography lists 6 sources.

• Concept of the Human Imagination

  This 15 page paper examines the concept of imagination. The paper delves into both the disciplines of psychology and philosophy. The concept of imagination is defined and explored historically. Bibliography lists 7 sources.

• Early Perceptions of Mental Illness

  This 3 page paper begins with a report of how abnormal behavior and mental illness was perceived in earlier centuries. The writer comments on the influence of philosophy on psychology and on how the relationship between mind and body were perceived. Bibliography lists 5 sources.

• Knowledge, What We Know and How We Know It

  This 4 page paper considers how we know what we know, looking at this using philosophy and psychology the approaches of feminism and critical enquiry are utilized in which to determine how and when we can say we know what we know. The bibliography cites 3 sources.

• Education and Humanism

  A 3 page paper that presents a basic overview of humanistic education, a philosophy found in humanistic psychology. The writer reports how humanistic educators typically describe this approach. The basic components found in humanistic education classrooms is explained. Bibliography lists 5 sources.

• Punished by Rewards by Alfie Kohn and Human Motivation

  A 5 page research paper which focuses on Alfie Kohn's book Punished by Rewards. The writer analyzes Kohn's stance regarding the fallacies in behaviorist psychology as it applies to both education and the workplace, concluding that while Kohn is right in many instances, not all aspects of his philosophy are applicable to the work environment. Bibliography lists 3 sources.

• Analyzing Domestic and International Terrorism from a U.S. Perspective

  This 8 page paper analyzes both domestic and international terrorism and the United State's philosophy, goals, operations, and effectiveness in combating terrorism. Also examined are the origins of terrorism and the psychology behind its use. Bibliography lists 4 sources.

• Beauty, the Sublime, Immanuel Kant, and Edmund Burke

  This 14 page paper discusses the ideas of philosophers Edmund Burke and Immanuel Kant in relation to their ideas about the sublime and about beauty. Furthermore, this paper underlines how their theories on this subject influenced the fields of psychology and philosophy. Bibliography lists 7 sources.

• Second Temple Period and Pharisees, Essenes, and Sadducees

  A 9 page research paper on the emergence of the above sects from 44 B.C.E. to 70 A.D. The writer presents a comparison of these philosophies to the 'Jewish mind' or consciousness developed since biblical times and concludes with a comparison of these influences with today's Jewish consciousness. Bibliography lists 7 sources.

• Islamic Modernism and its Development

  9 pages in length. An insightful essay on Islamic Modernism as it began in the 19th century preceded by movements to improve the political and economic situations of the Muslim world. The belief and works of Sayyid Jamal al-Din-Al-Afghani, Shaykh Muhammad 'Abduh, and Sayyid Ahmad Khan are discussed in great detail as are the various sociopolitical conditions and factors that facilitated their philosophies and movements. Bibliography lists 3 sources.

• Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance by Robert Pirsig

  A 15 page review of the 1974 book by Robert Persig. Explores the concept of perception and how it relates to the ancient philosophy of Zen. Illuminates Persig's concern with the decline in American values and in systems such as our educational system. No additional sources are listed.

• Philosophy of the Enlightenment and Postmodernism and the Self Concept

  A 2 page research paper that compares the concept of self in the Enlightenment with that of the postmodern era. The writer particularly addresses how the philosophy of the Enlightenment differed from that of the existentialists. Bibliography lists 2 sources.

• Bhagavad Gita and Concepts of Good and Evil

  A 5 page research paper on the ancient religious text, the Bhagavad Gita. The writer argues that Western theology tends to see the world in terms of being strictly good or strictly evil, and that today the Western world is slowly catching up to the theological stance that was worked out in Eastern philosophy somewhere between the fifth and fourth century B.C. and expressed in the religious text the Bhagavad Gita. Bibliography lists 4 sources.

• Public School System in America and Horace Mann

  A 12 page research paper that examines the impact and influence of nineteenth century educator Horace Mann on the public school system and the formulation of this 'common school' philosophy. Mann's influence during the twelve years that he was secretary of the Massachusetts School Board effected lasting change not only in the public school system of Massachusetts, but also in the way that public schooling was perceived throughout the country. Bibliography lists 10 sources.

• Comparison of the Western World and the Renaissance

  A 6 page paper discussing the Renaissance and its differences and similarities to contemporary society. The writer briefly examines science, culture, politics, philosophy, and other key aspects of the culture. Bibliography lists 6 sources.

• Jeremy Bentham's Utilitarianism Philosophy

  The slogan 'each should count for one and none should count for more than one', something Bentham used in defense of his philosophy, is explored in this 5 page paper. Both utilitarian and opposing views are considered. A division among utilitarianism is also included as are examples to illustrate arguments on both sides. Bibliography lists 3 sources.

• Juvenile Gang Problems

  A thoroughly-researched 20 page paper on juvenile delinquency & gangs. Broken down into sections with subheadings, the writer examines : the severity of gangs in the inner-city, girls in gangs, Federal government efforts to curtail gang violence, the philosophy of the church, the causal factors of such violence, and what can be done to stop it (citing specific case examples). Bibliography lists 11 sources.

• Issue of Community Policing

  In 5 pages the author discusses the issue of community policing, which is also referred to as COP. 'Community policing is a viable option as long as all divisions and individuals are well informed and integrated into the philosophy of the COP process, and a department-wide strategy for the implementation of COP is developed. Community policing yields long-term solutions to many problems.' Bibliography lists 4 sources.

• Learning's Theoretical Components

  This 6 page paper addresses three specific aspects of education and learning: the notion of schools and brain compatibility; the role of emotions in learning; and a basic philosophy of learning. Bibliography lists 6 sources.

• Works and Philosophy of Ezra Pound

  9 pages in length. Ezra Pound was an American avant-garde poet, critic, and translator, who exerted an enormous influence over the development of English and American poetry and criticism during the early 20th century. Interestingly, Pound actually led the Modernist interest in Chinese poetry and is therefore quite significant to Asian studies. Report is largely a comprehensive, sociopolitical examination of Ezra Pound's influence, philosophy, and style. Bibliography lists 5 critical sources.

• Cultural Diversity/Religion in South Africa

  A 4 page research paper/essay that is formatted to be delivered as a speech to a Methodist youth convention in South Africa. The topic is accommodating cultural diversity using the philosophy of ubuntu in South Africa. Bibliography lists 4 sources.

• Children and Science Education

  A 4 page paper consisting of personal reflection on personal attitudes toward science and how they developed, followed by an assessment of personal learning style and ideas of how science should be taught to children. As warning not to operate under preconceptions, the paper includes mention of Dr. Ben Carson, largely ignored by his white teachers in the 1950s and 1960s but who has been the director of Pediatric Neurosurgery at Johns Hopkins since 1984. The paper praises the Montessori philosophy of "following the child." Bibliography lists 2 sources.

• Philosophy of Education by Jean Jacques Rousseau

  This 5 page paper examines Rousseau's educational philosophy through an examination of his book Emile. Emile is discussed in depth and applied to modern education. No additional sources cited.

• Facilitation and Education

  This 9 page paper explores facilitation as a concept. It also examines a personal philosophy of facilitation and teaching. Bibliography lists 5 sources.

• Rochester, NY, and Education According to John Dewey's Philosophy and Carter G. Woodson's The Mis Education of the Negro

  A 15 page research paper that consists of three 5-page subsections. The first section has to do Carter G. Woodson's 1933 text on African American education, The Mis-Education of the Negro. The second section addresses the failed educational reforms that were implemented in Rochester, New York, in the 1980s and early 1990s. The final section deals mainly with the constructivist educational philosophy of John Dewey. Bibliography lists 14 sources.

• Educational Strategies and Teaching Approaches According to Chickering, Gamson, and Angelo

  A 5 page research paper/ essay that examines Chickering and Gamson's "seven principles of good practice" and Thomas Angelo's fourteen teaching strategies. The writer argues that these educators, with these recommendations, provide a solid foundation for teaching practice and personal philosophy. This examination explores how these principles and strategies might relate to middle school English education in the seventh and eighth grades. Bibliography lists 3 sources.

• Education, Knowledge, the Human Soul, and Plato's 'Allegory of the Cave'

  A 5 page essay that relates and analyzes the allegory of the cave that Plato relates in Book 7 of his Republic. The purpose of the narrative is to illustrate the effect that education, and specifically knowledge of philosophy, has upon the human soul. Essentially, the allegory of the cave posits that the enlightenment bestowed by philosophical education moves the cognitive powers of the individual from darkness into light, opening up a whole new world in which the individual is prepared to recognize what Plato deems to be the true nature of reality. No additional sources cited.

• Volunteerism in the Assistance of Dogs

  This 5 page paper begins by looking at the philosophy of volunteerism and quickly turns to the specifics of helping dogs. Problems with shelters are carefully examined and recommendations made. Bibliography lists 3 sources.

• Empirical and Rational Philosophies in Candide by Voltaire

  This 7 page research paper explores the representation of rationalist and empirical philosophy in Voltaire's 1759 novel, Candide. Specifically, these philosophical theories are examined as depicted in the text and in the protagonists Dr. Pangloss and Martin, as well as evidence of Voltaire's personal preference. Bibliography lists 3 sources.

• Europeans' Destruction of the Taino Indians

  An 8 page research paper on The Taino Indians-- a tribe that belonged to the Arawak culture of South America's tropical region. The writer describes the culture, philosophy, rituals & traditions of this group. A history of the Taino Indians under European conquest is presented and it is concluded that they were among the first tribes to be robbed of their culture by invading empires. Bibliography lists 6 sources.

• Europe During the Seventeenth Century, Faith and Religion

  This 5 page report discusses the existence of religion in the Europe of the 1600s. Throughout all aspects of faith during the time, the element of transformation and religious heroism played a key role and also supported justifications of violent “Christian” intervention throughout the world. The 17th century also provided the foundation from which the philosophy of the Enlightenment was launched. Bibliography lists 3 sources.

• Analects, Symposium, and Bhagavad Gita

  This 5 page report discusses three of the world’s great spiritual and philosophical classics. The ancient Hindu tradition, the philosophy of Confucius, and the dialogue of Socrates share a number of common features – most notably are those that agree upon what does and does not constitute a “superior” person. No secondary sources.

• 21st Century Corporate Success and Management Reporting

  A 5 page paper that examines the benefits of management reporting as part of a productive and profitable inter-enterprise business management philosophy. Included is a description of a type of management reporting and analysis software that is currently being offered as an innovative solution to organizational and management reporting problems. Bibliography lists 3 sources.

• Reformation Concepts of Skepticism and Faith

  A 2 page paper that examines the two fundamental issues of philosophy and theology that were involved in the Reformation Period, the issues of faith and skepticism. Discussed are the introduction of Martin Luther's Protestant beliefs in 1517 and the era of new philosophical and theological thinking that followed. Bibliography lists 2 sources.

• The Sound and the Fury by William Faulkner and the Technique of Stream of Consciousness

  A 7 page paper that argues the point that the personalities and philosophies of the characters in William Faulkner's The Sound and The Fury are most effectively presented and emphasized in the order in which the author presents the four sections of the story. Discussed is Faulkner's combination of the stream-of-consciousness technique and the first person narrative style to present an inside view of the depth of the story's sense of chaos as well as his effective manipulation of time sequencing to emphasize this chaos. Bibliography lists 7 sources.

• Wildlife and the Impact of Urbanization

  This is a 10 page paper discussing the history, context, management and philosophies behind the problem of urbanization and its impact on wildlife. Urbanization has resulted in a large negative impact on wildlife in addition in regards to the flora and fauna communities. Within the last 300 years in the U.S., deforestation for urban or agricultural use has fragmented wildlife populations through urban sprawl, linear land use (such as roads and power lands) small and large agricultural land plots in addition to the introduction of exotic plants and animals which have an impact on native plants and animals. Agricultural use and urbanization in addition to being the demise of some species also causes the shift in native plants and animals in certain areas; shifts which tend to allow for the proliferation of some species often at the expense of others. Preservation and conservation efforts within the U.S. are primarily the result of the ethics and philosophies as promoted by Aldo Leopold who called for ecological considerations in regards to any urban planning. Preservation methods today focus mainly on restraining urban sprawl through the promotion of inner city renewal, the purchase of undeveloped land for preservation, promotion of mass transit through railways and fewer roads, and set growth boundaries around urban areas. Bibliography lists 8 sources.

• Plato's The Laws Summarized and Analyzed

  This is a 10 page paper summarizing and analyzing Plato’s “The Laws” on a chapter by chapter basis. Philosopher and educator Plato (427-347 B.C.E.) wrote extensively in general philosophy which he believed was the basis for the theory of education and political thought. Plato was greatly influenced by the philosophies of Socrates and in addition was critical about Athenian public life “which he presented as dominated by the rhetorical and poetical uses of language in the formation of policies and attitudes”. “The Laws” (360 B.C.E.) was Plato’s last and most extensive work and it reaffirms many of his arguments from previous works in regards to the practical politics of running a Republic. The central speaker is an “Athenian stranger” who gives “advice on the constitution of a proposed new city”. Bibliography lists 3 sources.

• Women and Augustinian Laws

  8 pages in length. The philosophy in question is that of Augustinianism, the theory of Christian Idealism, which is based upon the theology of Augustine of Hippo (354-430) who is considered to be the greatest theologian of the early church. His theory is that of reality, absolute theism. Reality is God, who is Being. Being is good; non-Being is evil. He wrote that God has personality and gives reality to phenomena. As the Supreme Person, God exercises perfect will by which the world is created from nothing. The writer discusses how there were significant patriarchal underpinnings when it came to the treatment of women under Roman law, which effectively forced the female gender into a life of prostitution. Bibliography lists 8 sources.

• Race Concept and its History

  14 pages in length. Drawing upon the work of David Goldberg's "Racist Culture: Philosophy and the Politics of Meaning," one can readily argue that idea of race has always combined references to what is seen as natural (fixed) and social construct, suggesting that very divergent discourses have been implemented over time as a means by which to account for human diversity within the colonial context of European and non-European differences. Furthermore, the notion of race is not inherent to biology, but rather it is a social and cultural classification that has been erroneously attributed to biological implication. The writer discusses the concept of race from the Puritan colonization to present-day criminal justice system. Bibliography lists 9 sources.

• Physician Assisted Suicide: Pros & Cons

  10 pages in length. There are enough controversial topics in America today to keep a room full of thoughtful, expressive and passionate people in heated debate for days on end, however, none may be as volatile an issue as physician assisted suicide. When this subject is broached, the proverbial gloves come off and a vicious verbal debate ensues that has yet to name a victor. The emotional, ethical, religious and legal standing of human euthanasia is not something to which there is an easy answer - or any answer at all - as long as two sides exact their own philosophies on how this sensitive subject should be handled. Bibliography lists 8 sources.

• Greek Values in Homer's 'The Iliad'

  A 4 page essay that examines Greek values in the Iliad. In his epic poems, the Iliad and the Odyssey, the ancient Greek poet Homer praised numerous qualities and values. "Patriotism, heroism, loyalty, resistance to temptations, truthfulness, generosity, honesty and hospitality" are just a few of the virtues that "Homer praised and exalted" (Christian and Greek philosophy, 2003, p. 15). This examination of Homer's Iliad focuses on what this epic poem tells the modern reader concerning the importance of Greek values, specifically heroism, honor and solidarity, in Greek society. Bibliography lists 3 sources.

• 'To His Coy Mistress' by Andrew Marvell and Imagery

  A 5 page essay that discusses Andrew Marvell's seduction poem "To His Coy Mistress." In this poem, Marvell (1621-1678) employs striking use of imagery delineates both the pleasure involved in "ceasing the day" (carpe diem) and the shortness of time, which is the philosophy's rationale. The first half of the poem employs imagery to establish a sense of intimacy between Marvell and his lover. The second half employs time imagery to focus on the point that life is short. Collectively, this argument makes this one of English literature's most persuasive seduction poems. Bibliography lists 4 sources.

• 'To His Coy Mistress' by Andrew Marvell and Imagery

  A 5 page essay that discusses Andrew Marvell's seduction poem "To His Coy Mistress." In this poem, Marvell (1621-1678) employs striking use of imagery delineates both the pleasure involved in "ceasing the day" (carpe diem) and the shortness of time, which is the philosophy's rationale. The first half of the poem employs imagery to establish a sense of intimacy between Marvell and his lover. The second half employs time imagery to focus on the point that life is short. Collectively, this argument makes this one of English literature's most persuasive seduction poems. Bibliography lists 4 sources.

• An Ethical Exploration

  This 7 page paper looks at a case study in ethics and provides solutions. The case study involves the ethics of the office romance. Ethics are also discussed and defined in a general sense in another part of the paper. Ancient Greek philosophy is discussed. Bibliography lists 5 sources.

• Terminal Conditions and Informing Patients

  An 8 page paper discussing the case of a woman newly diagnosed with lymphocytic leukemia, who has not been informed of the severity of her condition. The woman’s grown daughters as well as her physician believe it to be in the woman’s best interests to withhold the news from her. Her primary nurse disagrees, and the head nurse is sympathetic to the nurse’s position on the matter. The head nurse instructs the primary nurse to be certain to follow doctor’s orders, however. At issue is how the primary nurse deals with a situation with which she heartily disagrees. The paper examines the philosophies of Kant, Mill and Rawls as well as available alternatives to arrive at a favored alternative for the nurse to choose. Bibliography lists 7 sources.

• Jewish History and Spain's 'Golden Age'

  7 pages in length. Major changes occurred in the 11th century when the Umayyads steadily lost power as the Berbers rose in influence after capturing Cordoba in 1013 CE; the passing decades served as their barometer of progressing power. Cultural and commercial prominence became their focus as capitals and other cities were transformed into Meccas for the two very important elements. As these significant changes were taking place, one more addition would serve to establish an entire population as being both welcomed and honored: the Jews. Indeed, these individuals did not come empty-handed into their newfound environment; rather, they brought with them such important endowments as financial aptitude, politics, economic advisory, as well as a vast amount of humanities-related knowledge in the form of literature, academia and science. The blending of art, linguistics, philosophy, science and medicine rounded out a society that was heretofore underdeveloped in many of these areas. As such, the influence of so many learned Jews soon saw intellectuals and doctors alike holding some of the most important social/legal/political positions in the land. No bibliography.

• Essay on Management Skills and Philosophies

  A 28 page paper. This essay first reviews some of the many schools or philosophies of management, such as the behavior school, the transformation school, total quality management. The next section discusses the many functions and roles of the manager. The four basic functions most often cited are explained. Mintzberg's 10 Management Roles are also reviewed. One study that looked at the effect of national context in terms of developing personnel is reviewed. A comprehensive discussion of the skills needed for effective management is then provided. Besides discussing the skills as cited in the literature, the writer provides a correlation between the functions of management and the skills needed for each function. The essay concludes with a summary and conclusions. Bibliography lists 28 sources.

• Chronic Pain Management and Nursing Philosophy

  A 5 page paper considering management of chronic pain within the framework of basic nursing values. Management of chronic pain can be as frustrating for the nurse as it is for the patient. Though the patient suffers the pain, the nurse’s aim is to help him cope with it. There are growing numbers of alternatives available, most of which work only with a few specific individuals. Calling on nursing philosophy within the framework of autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, justice and fidelity can inform decisions surrounding pain management. Bibliography lists 4 sources.

• Singapore Management Style

  A 15 page paper assessing Singapore’s readiness for participative management. This paper reviews views of business in terms of Asian culture and Singapore’s unique position to determine whether participative management is appropriate in Singapore. It concludes that not only is it appropriate, it also is very much in practice. The paper discusses management theory, management history, Singapore’s great progress over the past 40 years and gives examples of two leading Singapore companies already using business models most conducive to participatory management. One (SembCorp) has even adopted the philosophies of GE’s Jack Welch. Bibliography lists 15 sources.

• Western History and the Divine Nature of God

  A 5 page research paper that examines the history of philosophy concerning the nature of God. Throughout the course of Western history, philosophers and theologians have sought to answer questions pertaining to the nature and existence of God. "What is the nature of God and how is he related to the universe? Is God a person, like man, but more ideal? …Can the human mind know God," these and other questions have plagued humanity from earliest history (Frost 100). This examination surveys concepts of God from Plato to Aquinas, showing how the conceptualization of the divine progressed during the millennia.

• Auricular Acupuncture As Adjunctive Treatment To Ameliorate Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms, Depression, Anxiety And Insomnia: Literature Review

  21 pages in length. The path to well being could not be more different between Eastern and Western philosophies; through man's successes in technological advancement, allopathic methods have virtually overshadowed consumer knowledge of or interest in ancient Eastern holism. That Western health care is based within a foundation of surgery and pharmacology while Eastern approaches it from an unadulterated, holistic approach speaks to a tremendous rift in how both entities perceive the path to wellness. This is not to say, however, that allopathic medicine is either inappropriate as a treatment method but rather that it is unsuitable as the only option when Eastern medicine is rooted in proven healing for the past 2,500 years. Taking a pill to ride the body and mind of anxiety, depression and insomnia of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is merely treating the symptom rather than addressing the issues that have ultimately manifested in these ailments. Utilizing such holistic modalities as auricular acupuncture serves to unblock the trapped energy inherent to trauma response so it begins to channel through the body and mind continuum restoring both mental and physical well being. Bibliography lists 18 sources.

• DOES OBJECTIVITY OR SUBJECTIVITY DESCRIBE HOW HUMANS GAIN KNOWLEDGE?

  5 pages in length. Man's understanding of his world is based within a dual foundation of finite concepts and varying interpretation. Mathematics and science, for example, are instrumental in establishing knowledge as an objective reality that rejects any semblance of subjectivity; its empirical nature requires the line from A to B to reflect a straight and unbroken line of evidences that no matter how many times reenacted will produce the same outcome. Philosophy, on the other hand, was created from the very essence of subjective opinion and could no more function under the stringent guidelines of objectivity than could math or science be considered intuitive. Bibliography lists 5 sources.

• Middle Managers and TQM Implementation Implications

  A 65 page paper discussing reasons for failure of TQM implementation, particularly as it applies to middle managers. The paper gives an overview of the approaches to TQM of Deming, Juran and Crosby, and focuses on Deming's 14 Points as the basis for properly-applied TQM practice. Deming's philosophy of management within the framework of TQM leaves no room for authoritarianism or autocracy; participative management is required if TQM implementation is to be successful in any firm of any size. The paper includes discussion of a mail survey identifying three middle-management attitudes toward TQM's potential effects on their jobs, including detailed descriptions of both observed and potential limitations of the study. It concludes that middle managers have legitimate fears that can be overcome with Deming's admonishment to invest in training and education of all employees, including the middle managers of which Deming himself made no mention. Bibliography lists 31 sources.

• Nursing Ethics

  A 10 page paper examining the applicability of the philosophies of Kant, Mill and Rawls for decision-making in nursing. Today's nurses face decisions and situations that were not technologically possible only a few years ago, and they are called on to make decisions in realms that were barely considered a generation ago and did not exist earlier in the last century. The old (and some still living) philosophers provide a framework in which to approach decision-making and emerge with sound, ethical and moral decisions even though the specific situation at hand may appear to be quite thorny. Though any specific situation is likely to be complex, the old philosophers can help to illuminate the proper decision path. Bibliography lists 8 sources.

• Comparative Feminist Theology Analysis

  A 12 page research paper/essay that contrasts and compares Lisa Isherwood and Dorothea McEwan's Introducing Feminist Theology (2001) and Mary Kassian's The Feminist Gospel (1992). The writer argues that these texts offer two very different views of feminist theology. Kassian refers to this difference in her introduction when she states that "Biblical feminist believe that the Bible is properly interpreted as supporting the central tenets of feminist philosophy" (1992, p. 7). However, unlike "liberal religious feminists," Kassian maintains that "Biblical feminists" reject any "radical revision of the Scripture and the alteration of core Christian doctrine such as salvation and redemption" (1992, p. 7). This, in a nutshell, sums up the major philosophical difference between these two texts. As Isherwood and McEwan are two of the "liberal" religious feminists that Kassian dismisses out of hand. Examination of these texts and authors shows that, while they are in agreement that women are equal with men in the sight of God, they disagree about practically everything else. No additional sources cited.

• Tourism and Psychology

  A 6 page paper discussing using psychological knowledge in marketing and providing services. The tourism industry formerly was able to operate on the “if you build it, they will come” philosophy, but it no longer has that luxury. Tourism has been forced in recent years to join the ranks of all other types of businesses, particularly in actively marketing to the target group it most wants to attract. Assessing marketing and service needs from the perspective of personality and psychology can assist organizations within the travel industry in achieving and maintaining greater success. Bibliography lists 10 sources.

• Leadership in Nursing

  An 8 page research paper that, first of all, examines the difference between leadership and management concepts while also providing a personal philosophy of leadership. From this orientation, suggestions are then offered that illustrate how team building concepts and organizational theory, including change theory, can be applied to nursing clinical practice. Contemporary nursing is a constantly advancing, changing field in which knowledge is advancing in all specialty fields at an accelerated rate. In order for nurses to continue to offer the optimum in evidence-based patient care, there must be a synthesis between leadership and management that encourages nurses to keep "at the top of their game" and thereby reach their full potential as healthcare professionals. Bibliography lists 8 sources.

• Nursing Philosophy and How It Developed

  Nursing did not consider "defining" itself until about twenty years ago. In 1980, The American Nursing Association published their official definition in a policy statement, which reads "nursing is the diagnosis and treatment of human responses to actual and potential health problems" (ANA, 1980, p.4). Each individual state may make some slight variation on the applicability of this definition, particularly in the area of continuing education. This 7 page discussion, however, will examine the basic philosophy of nursing which lies behind this general definition. Bibliography lists 5 sources.

• Marketing Ethics and Their Evolution from 1960 until 2001

  A 20 page paper. Some people would argue that "ethical marketing" is an oxymoron. Still, there are marketers who have tried to use ethical standards within their marketing efforts. This paper takes an historical look at ethics in marketing since the 1960s. Numerous issues are discussed, such as the predominant philosophies guiding the last forty-plus years, the fact that marketing typically follows a utilitarian perspective (which is explained) and perhaps there is a need to use another perspective. Examples are included. Bibliography lists 12 sources.

• Curriculum Design and the Impacts of Experiential Learning Theory

  8 pages in length. The Kolb Model of experiential learning clearly demonstrates how there is no comparison to seeing something in a book and experiencing it in real life. Students, like sponges, soak up knowledge when placed in the right setting. Clearly, incorporating all the senses is an educational philosophy every teacher should adopt into his or her curriculum, yet not all instructors are experienced enough themselves to be able to lead their students through such an intense journey as the Kolb Model offers. Tangible learning is just that - a journey - because it incorporates so many facets of a person and requires the student to participate fully and completely in such environments as physical education. Bibliography lists 5 sources.

• Philosophy and Metaphysics

  12 pages in length. The writer discusses in detail the contributions to metaphysics made by such philosophers as Aquinas, Plato, Hegel, Kant and Charles Taylor. Bibliography lists 9 sources.

• Piety, the Bible, Sophocles, and Plato

  A 4 page essay that contrasts and compares Plato's Euthyphro, Sophocles' Oedipus and the Book of Genesis, chapter 22. The writer points out that all of these works concern the perspective of ancient peoples on issues of piety, justice and the manner in which these issues intersect with religion. Examination of these texts shows that Sophocles and the author of Genesis agree that divine authority demands and deserves unquestioning obedience. However, Plato, in representing the philosophy of Socrates, presents a more ambiguous picture that emphasizes the unreliability of a purely religious foundation for issues of justice. Analysis of these positions shows that Plato's stance in Euthyphro is the most logical-- and just-- by modern standards. No additional sources cited.

• Bertrand Russell/On Denoting

  A 4 page research paper that discusses an aspect of Russell's career and philosophy. Between the publication of Principles of Mathematics in 1903 and his article "On Denoting" in 1905, the views of Bertrand Russell on the semantics of propositions in sentence that contain denoting phrases changed considerably. This examination of this factor in Russell's work looks at the impetus behind change and how the change expressed Russell's views on the relationship between the grammatical form of a denoting phrase and the logical form of the proposition that it expresses. In so doing, Russell logically connects the realms of logic in the study of mathematics and semantics. Bibliography lists 2 sources.

• Reality and Social Constructs

  5 pages in length. When sociologists speak about social construction of reality, it can readily be argued that their meaning is attributed to the aftermath of man’s action when associated with social conduct. The vast importance of this concept helps one to effectively determine what is to be expected in any given social situation, particularly when applying W.I. Thomas’ statement: "If men define a situation as real it is real in its consequences." In essence, Thomas is merely pointing out that reality is based solely upon the consequences of one’s actions, which are in turn what ultimately shape one’s reality. The writer discusses how the significance of such philosophy greatly lends itself to the study of human and social behavior, in that without prior understanding of how reality is perceived, there would be little if any ability to comprehend one’s existence at all. Bibliography lists 5 sources.

• Jesus and Socrates

  A 4 page essay that contrasts and compares two articles that compares Jesus and Socrates. “Jesus and Socrates,” written by Bostick (1916), and “A Comparison of the Portrait of Jesus in the Gospels with the Portrait of Socrates in the Writing of Plato and Xenophon,” written by Bostick (1935), address the same topic and make similar assumptions about that topic. Each of these authors offers a comparison between Jesus and Socrates that serves to underscore the parallels in the lives of two men who changed the course of history with their philosophy and teachings. Nevertheless, while the points made in both of these articles are every similar, these articles are also quite different. This is primarily because of their level of scholarship and the individual writing style of each author. Based on these t two factors, another difference is that one can logically assume that each article was written with a different reading audience in mind. No additional sources cited.

• Comparing the United Nations and The League of Nations in Political Approaches

  The success of the United Nations is based on a conglomeration of many political ideologies and precepts. The unshakable liberalism of democratic values, in concert with the idealistic belief in cooperative security brought Woodrow Wilson to the fore of international politics and was the foundation for the League of Nations. The time was not right, there was too many domestic problems in the world for the League to have the power it needed to handle international conflicts. After World War II, with the change in outlook of domestic policy in the United States and in the Soviet Union, in combination with the neorealist philosophy based on balance of power, the time was right for the establishment of an organization based on cooperative security and the United Nations was founded. This 7 page paper examines the forces that brought the League of Nations into being, explores the reasons it was not able to maintain power and looks at the processes used to conceive the United Nations as the force it is today. Bibliography lists 5 sources.

• Advanced Nursing Practice Philosophy

  A 5 page research paper that, first of all, discusses the four meta-paradigms of nursing: health, person, nursing and environment. Then, the writer discusses issues of collaborative practice, focusing on the role of the family nurse practitioner.

• Role of Nursing and 4 Metaparadigms

  A 4 page paper discussing nursing’s four metaparadigms and the central role of nursing. Certainly the nurse has physical responsibilities that vary with the area in which s/he works, but each patient is an individual. Nursing is one of the few professions that continually assesses its effectiveness, professionalism and true worth. This constant attention to ways to improve both patient care and nursing quality creates an environment that improves continually, without losing the ground already gained in the past. Bibliography lists 4 sources.

• Philosophy of Wellness and Personal Relationships

  Divorce has reached epidemic proportions in the United States, and there is evidence that changes in the attachment in families and the major cultural shifts in the importance of family have both served to support the increase in divorce rates. Unfortunately, traditional ways of meeting and assessing potential spouses are relatively ineffective, and this has also served to support increasing divorce rates in the modern era. This 5 page paper provides an overview of the issue presented and relates it to the current literature. Bibliography lists 5 sources.

• David Hume's 'Miraculous' Philosophy

  A 4 page paper which focuses on Hume’s disbelief in miracles. Bibliography lists 3 sources.

• German Philosophy: Family, Society and Government

  This 24 page bundle includes a 20 page paper, 12 Powerpoint slides and complimentary slide notes. The content focuses on of Marx, Nietzsche, Hegel, Kant and Habermas. How each theorist contemplated family, society and government in the context of German political ideology is considered. Bibliography lists 15 sources.

• Drug Law Philosoophy

  A 4 page discussion of the efficiency and benefits of drug laws. This paper explores the contemporary argument that drug laws are not only effective but deleterious in terms of their overall impact to society. The work of Plato, Socrates, and Machiavelli are looked to to support this contention. Bibliography lists 3 sources.

• History and the Philosophy of Karl Marx

  This 5 page paper provides a discussion on historical materialism. Marx's theory is relayed and evaluated in the context of the real world. Bibliography lists 4 sources.

• Text Analysis of 'Evil in Modern Thought An Alternative History of Philosophy' by Susan Neiman

  A 10 page paper which examines the various philosophical inquiries into evil as scrutinized by thinkers since the sixteenth-century Enlightenment. Specifically discussed are how the author goes about tackling this way subject, what is meant by “fire from heaven” in Chapter 1, and who it has in mind, the identity of the ‘architect’ being condemned in Chapter 2 and how philosophers deal with Him, ponders who the thinkers are that brought an ‘end to our illusions’ as referenced in Chapter 3, and contemplates the ‘prophets of homelessness’ described in Chapter 4. Bibliography lists 5 sources.

• Overview of Incarceration

  This 12-page paper examines the concept of incarceration, what it is used for, the history and its effectiveness. Also discussed in this paper are alternatives to incarceration. Bibliography lists 7 sources.

• Philosophy, Art and Literature During the Time of the Civil War

  A 9 page paper which examines how the Civil War influenced culture as it relates to art, literature, and philosophy. Bibliography lists 6 sources.

• Mary Aswell Doll's Curriculum Philosophies in Like Letters in Running Water

  A 4 page review of the contentions presented by this author in “Like Letters in Running Water: A Mythopoetics of Curriculum” regarding the curriculum value of fiction. This paper contends that Doll is correct in identifying fiction as a conduit to student understanding of historical circumstances and relationships. Analyzes this contention using primarily the writings of feminist author Charlotte Perkins Gilman. Concludes that while a student might recoil if only given historical detail as it is presented in the common curriculum, when provided these same messages in a fictional format they are able to forge a connection between history and reality. Bibliography lists 5 sources.

• The ‘Philosophy’ of Massage Therapy

  In five pages this paper examines the philosophical underpinnings of massage therapy in terms of beliefs concerning health, illness, and the basis for massage therapy, with comparisons made between it and allopathic medicine. Five sources are listed in the bibliography.

• Philosophy of the Montessori Educational Method

  This 4 page report discusses the philosophy and educational methods that were originally developed by Maria Montessori (1870-1952). The fact that Montessori insisted that a child “is not an inert being” initiated a remarkable shift in thinking. As more people found value in her philosophy and began to apply it in education and childhood development, it became clear that there was a great deal of merit in applying this changed way of thinking. Bibliography lists 5 sources.

• Biology from Philosophical Perspectives

  This 8 page paper relates the concept of the developmental challenge relative the philosophical perspectives on biology. In particular, this paper considers whether genic selectionists are guilty of ignoring the developmental process, and as a result, this paper outlines the developmental systems theory as a part of this argument. Bibliography lists 6 sources.

• Personal Philosophy of Nursing

  A 3 page research paper/essay that discusses the nursing concepts of person, environment, health/illness and nursing. This examination of these concepts examines each idea in relation to how it is defined by the Barry University School of Nursing faculty, but also offering a personal perspective on the meaning of each term. Bibliography lists 1 source.

• Personal Philosophy of Nursing

  A 3 page research paper/essay that discusses the nursing concepts of person, environment, health/illness and nursing. This examination of these concepts examines each idea in relation to how it is defined by the Barry University School of Nursing faculty, but also offering a personal perspective on the meaning of each term. Bibliography lists 1 source.

• Career Objectives and Philosophy of Nursing

  3 pages in length. Nursing, a profession that was decidedly more of the female persuasion in the mid-eighteen hundreds, has long been considered an extension of a woman's natural ability to nurture. Had it not been for Florence Nightingale's attempts to humanize the medical profession in the nineteenth century, there is no telling where contemporary society would be with regard to humane and appropriate medical care. Fast forward to the twenty-first century and it is clear how nurses play an integral role in the overall development and application of standards of care, the transmission of scientific and humanistic caring, professional performance, ethics, as well as the level of competency expected from the industry. No bibliography.

• Music Philosophy

  8 pages. Different people can describe music many different ways. This paper discusses some of the aesthetic viewpoints about music and some of the following philosophers: Eduard Hanslick, Arthur Schopenhauer and Gustav Schilling. Bibliography lists 6 sources.

• Action and Movement in the Philosophies of Charles Darwin

  A 5 page paper discussing principles set forth in Darwin's The Expression of Emotions in Man and Animals (1899), the principles of habit, antithesis and reflex. In his three principles of actions and his categorization of them as they relate to expression, Darwin raises some valid points although he commits apparent errors of judgment in logically categorizing them. Feldenkrais' method of functional integration, based on this work of Darwin's, is working even today to aid those afflicted with errors in movement that adversely affect other parts of the body, but perhaps the greatest contribution Darwin makes in this volume is to reinforce the need to adhere to scientific method. Bibliography lists 7 sources.

• Factors in Nursing Philosophy Development

  A 5 page research paper that discusses the four fundamental concepts defining modern nursing.

• W.D. Ross and the Philosophy of Pleasure and Pain

  This 3 page paper explores some of the ideas of philosopher W.D. Ross with regard to intrinsic good, pleasure and pain.

• Real World and Adam Smith's Economic Philosophy

  This 5 page paper provides an overview of Smith’s theories as it concerns the free market economy. The United States is the focus of this paper that looks at the actual economy and the changes it has been through. The U.S. economy is discussed in terms of how well it has conformed to Adam Smith’s ideology. Bibliography lists 5 sources.

• Author Stephen Crane and the Naturalist Literary Genre

  This is a 5 page paper discussing the naturalism genre in literature and writer Stephen Crane. American writer Stephen Crane (1871-1900) was well known for his naturalist style during his time. Naturalism in literature was a philosophy used by writers to describe humans in regards to the influences and interactions within their own environments. The characters described in naturalist literature were usually in dire surroundings and often from the middle to lower classes. Despite their circumstances however, humans within naturalist literature were able to eventually overcome their situations by some form of courage or heroism which Crane found to be consistent in all of the cultures and setting he studied. Bibliography lists 10 sources.

• Overview of Management

  A 38 page paper. What is management? What are the functions of management? What are the skills needed to be an effective manager? These are the questions answered in this comprehensive essay. The essay begins with an introductory overview. The next section explains and discuses a number of the schools of management/philosophies of management, including TQM, systems, behavioral approach, transformational, strategic and others naming many of the internationally known experts. A discussion of management functions and roles is next in the essay. The four major functions of management are discussed as are the levels of management. The ten roles of management according to Mintzberg are identified and discussed. The skills needed for effective management as presented by a number of scholars and practitioners are discussed in the next section. Skills are also correlated with the functions of management. The essay ends with a summary and conclusion. The essay includes some specific discussions related to the United Kingdom. 2 Tables are included. Bibliography lists 48 sources.

• A Review of Max Weber's Construction of Social Theory

  Martin Albrow, in his book Max Weber’s Construction of Social Theory, argues that Max Weber provides a long-neglected foundation for sociology, and that the arguments of Weber can be utilized in understanding the sociological premises of a number of other theorists, including Kant and Nietzche. Further, Albrow relates the arguments of Weber to the assertion of the value of sociology as a science, and also defines the link between the premises of social theory and the development of social philosophy, social psychology and the logical correlation between the two. This 4 page paper reflects the essential arguments in Albrow’s work and considers the implications for evaluating sociological, philosophical and psychological underpinnings. No additional sources cited.

• Theory of 'Indeterminancy of Translation' by Willard V. Quine

  This is a 15 page paper discussing Quine’s theory of indeterminacy of translation. Willard V. Quine was a mathematician and philosopher who lived from 1908-2000. During the last half of the 20th century, Quine developed several theories, one of which was the theory of indeterminacy of translation, which challenged some of the former assumptions used in the fields of psychology, linguists and anthropology. Quine asserted that accurate translations between languages could not be made for a number of reasons. Firstly, linguists could not get basic terms of references, or starting elements, because from a holistic perspective, sentences are the basic form of meaning and all sentences are semantically linked by the native speaker. Secondly, “meaning” could not be considered as an absolute element. In addition to some of these basic changes in the construct of translations, Quine also discussed the idea that not only were correct translations into English not possible but also two translation manuals given the same observational stimuli could also not be interchangeable because of the assumptions and the linguist’s imposition of his own beliefs and patterns onto the native language. Obviously, Quine’s theories were criticized as linguists made the case that several translations were considered successful because smooth negotiation and conversation could take place between native speakers and foreign speakers. However Quine’s dissection of the linguist’s process into one of a mathematical and scientific process is considered one of the most significant within the last fifty years in linguistic philosophy. Bibliography lists 6 sources.

• Friedrich Nietzsche and Nihilism

  This is an 11 page paper discussing Nietzsche and the concept of nihilism within his work. German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900) is probably best known for his works on nihilism; the belief that all values, truths and morals which have been constructed by man are baseless including those within the Bible. Nietzsche did not originally begin his work in the area in nihilism but throughout his own study and questioning of the theories of truth found in theology, the classics and philosophy which had always been readily accepted for centuries, he concluded that the eventual course of man would be that of nihilism. As man demands more answers through the field of science, many of the traditional theories and religious beliefs will be stripped away. At the same time, humans will begin to realize that they cannot meet the ideals of the invented truth and will not be able to transcend into that “higher world”. Despair follows and man must return to nature and a time of humanity where the invented concepts of “good” versus “evil” are no longer relevant. Beliefs are then based on the singular concepts of each person living each day. However, these ideas are contrary to societal beliefs and the basic structure of society and therefore society as we know it will be destroyed. Bibliography lists 9 sources.

• A Review of Max Weber's Construction of Social Theory

  Martin Albrow, in his book Max Weber’s Construction of Social Theory, argues that Max Weber provides a long-neglected foundation for sociology, and that the arguments of Weber can be utilized in understanding the sociological premises of a number of other theorists, including Kant and Nietzche. Further, Albrow relates the arguments of Weber to the assertion of the value of sociology as a science, and also defines the link between the premises of social theory and the development of social philosophy, social psychology and the logical correlation between the two. This 4 page paper reflects the essential arguments in Albrow’s work and considers the implications for evaluating sociological, philosophical and psychological underpinnings. No additional sources cited.

• Mortimer J. Adler's 10 Philosophical Mistakes

  A 5 page paper which analyzes the work of Mortimer J. Adler, “Ten Philosophical Mistakes.” Adler presents a great deal of information that is less restrictive than many previously implemented theories regarding philosophy. No additional sources cited.

• European Historical Signficance of Herder's Outlines of A Philosophy of the History of Man and Burke's Reflections on the Revolution in France

  7 pages in length. The writer discusses the opposing perspectives of both writers and how each one influenced European history. Bibliography lists 6 sources.

• Only Technology is Necessary and Philosophy is Irrelevant

  This quote begins a 10 page paper that examines our reliance on technology and our value of philosophy. The discussion looks at the technocracy movement of the 30's, yet strikes a more moderate resolution than the quote suggests. Bibliography lists 8 sources.

• Global Politics and Realism's Strengths and Weaknesses

  8 pages in length. As the world embarks upon the new millennium, questions abound with regard to events that occurred during the twentieth century. With particular emphasis upon those that took place just in the past several years, one can surmise that many of these incidents can be attributed to idealism, a philosophy that employs the conscious desire to change the world, as opposed to efforts based in realism. Issues such as national security, arms control, global economy, foreign policy, peace efforts have, indeed, not been grounded in a realistic composure. When one assesses the main strengths and weaknesses of realism in describing world politics, the primary contention that exists is its constant battle against the notion of idealism. The writer discusses how this theory is quite relevant for addressing global contingencies in the 21st century, inasmuch as it is a chronic lack of realism, combined with cynical politics that continues to threaten world issues. Bibliography lists 9 sources.

• Epistemology's Philosophical Definitions

  This 5 page report discusses “the branch of philosophy that studies the nature of knowledge” and the ways in which issues are generally understood within the framework of those doing the understanding. It is important to understand that subjectivity is the primary factor that determines the how an issue is interpreted. Bibliography lists 5 sources.

• Evolution of TQM

  A 4 page paper outlining the basic precepts of TQM and then reviewing three articles discussing TQM. TQM is now 50 years old, but it has never been more relevant than it is in today's business environment. Increasing competition has forced organizations to treat employees as assets, which is more conducive to the participatory management and information sharing critical in the full implementation of TQM. These articles demonstrate that TQM is not only a management philosophy, it primarily is a common-sense application that offers real solutions to many of the complexities of business. Bibliography lists 4 sources.

• James P. Gray's Why Our Drug Laws Have Failed and What We Can Do About It ”: A Discussion of the Premises of Author James P Gray in Comparison to the Philosophies of Plato, Aristotle, Socrates, Machiavelli, Locke, Hobbes, and Ro

  A 5 page exploration of the question of whether drug laws are serving a positive societal function. Gray contends that not only are drug laws ineffective, they are counterproductive and potentially devastating. This contention is evaluated in light of the contentions of numerous other philosophers. Bibliography lists 2 sources.

• School Principal Ethical Leadership Philosophy

  (5 pp) "The desire to learn is contagious, if the school is infused within it." A way to accomplish this end is the implementation of an ethical platform which will provide a base for leadership behavior in school administration based on the scope, sequence, and continuity for curricular programs of human growth and development Bibliography lists 5 sources.