Research Papers on More Philosophers

Click on any of the term papers to read a brief synopsis of the research paper. The essay synopsis includes the number of pages and sources cited in the paper.

  • Values, Their Role and Influence in Psychological Research

    A 15 page discussion of the role of values in psychological research. Details the philosophical debate which has surrounded this question since the seventeenth century, particularly the rationalist/empiricist debate. Distinguishes between the qualitative approach and the quantitative approach and between inductive and deductive reasoning. Bibliography lists 14 sources.

  • Dialogue Between Dorothy Smith, Jurgen Habermas, and Karl Marx

    A 10 page research paper that takes the rather unique perspective of dramatizing a discussion between Karl Marx, Dorothy Smith and Jurgen Habermas. The topic for discussion at this imaginary roundtable is issue of sexual harassment in the armed forces. The writer speculates on how such a discussion might progress. Bibliography lists 6 sources.

  • Terminal Conditions and Informing Patients

    An 8 page paper discussing the case of a woman newly diagnosed with lymphocytic leukemia, who has not been informed of the severity of her condition. The woman’s grown daughters as well as her physician believe it to be in the woman’s best interests to withhold the news from her. Her primary nurse disagrees, and the head nurse is sympathetic to the nurse’s position on the matter. The head nurse instructs the primary nurse to be certain to follow doctor’s orders, however. At issue is how the primary nurse deals with a situation with which she heartily disagrees. The paper examines the philosophies of Kant, Mill and Rawls as well as available alternatives to arrive at a favored alternative for the nurse to choose. Bibliography lists 7 sources.

  • Examining Suicide from a Fresh Perspective

    This 7 page paper takes a look at the ethics of suicide and whether or not the public has a moral responsibility to stop it. Individual rights are held high in this thoughtful look at a controversial topic. The ideas of Hume and Szasz are included. Bibliography lists 4 sources.

  • Euthanasia from Libertarian and Utilitarian Perspectives

    This 8 page paper considers the issue of euthanasia from utilitarian and libertarian perspectives. The concept of euthanasia, also called the right to "death with dignity," is based in the belief in the right to personal choice and the freedom of decision-making when personal decisions do not harm others. The call for support for physician's assisted suicide came as a result of the need for a compassionate response to those who are terminally ill. Bibliography lists 10 sources.

  • Durkheim: Anomy

    This 4 page paper argues that Durkheim's argument in "The Meaning of Anomy and of Anomic Suicide" is acceptable in part, but cannot be accepted completely. Bibliography lists 2 sources.

  • Ethical Theories and Norma Rae

    A paper which looks at the film Norma Rae from the perspective of various ethical theories, including utilitarianism, consequentialism and Kant's deontology.

  • Unjust Laws According to Henry David Thoreau

    An 8 page paper which examines Thoreau's "Walden" and analyzes what it says in regards to unjust laws and what our reaction and action should be in regards to those unjust laws. The paper examines the position of disobeying these laws, even if we are not the majority. Bibliography lists 3 additional sources.

  • Legal Romanticism and Modernity Bonds

    An 18 page paper which discusses the relationship between Romanticism, modernity, and human law. Bibliography lists 10 sources.

  • Natural Law and Saint Thomas Aquinas

    This 5 page paper discusses the contributions of St. Thomas Aquinas in terms of Natural Law doctrine. Description of Natural Law is included as well as other Aquinas philosophies and background. Bibliography lists 8 sources.

  • Jean Jacques Rousseau's Flawed Freedom

    This 5 page paper looks at Rousseau's The Social Contract and explores meanings of freedom. Mill's On Liberty is also mentioned. The paper argues that Rousseau's ideas do not support true freedom. Bibliography lists 2 sources.

  • Natural Law and Jeremy Bentham

    A ten page paper which looks at Jeremy Bentham's assertion that natural rights are mere rhetoric, with reference to the social and legislative definition of rights and to Bentham's moral philosophy in general. Bibliography lists 7 sources.

  • Categorical Imperative of Immanuel Kant and How It is Flawed

    This 3 page paper argues that the lying promise is sometimes necessary and that most people will agree due to a universal intrinsic morality. Kant's categorical imperative is discussed. Bibliography lists 1 source.

  • Drug Law Philosoophy

    A 4 page discussion of the efficiency and benefits of drug laws. This paper explores the contemporary argument that drug laws are not only effective but deleterious in terms of their overall impact to society. The work of Plato, Socrates, and Machiavelli are looked to to support this contention. Bibliography lists 3 sources.

  • Natural Law and How It Developed

    A 3 page paper that begins with a definition of natural law. The writer then explores thoughts on natural law from Socrates, Plato, St. Augustine and St. Thomas Aquinas. Bibliography lists 4 sources.

  • Plato's The Laws Summarized and Analyzed

    This is a 10 page paper summarizing and analyzing Plato’s “The Laws” on a chapter by chapter basis. Philosopher and educator Plato (427-347 B.C.E.) wrote extensively in general philosophy which he believed was the basis for the theory of education and political thought. Plato was greatly influenced by the philosophies of Socrates and in addition was critical about Athenian public life “which he presented as dominated by the rhetorical and poetical uses of language in the formation of policies and attitudes”. “The Laws” (360 B.C.E.) was Plato’s last and most extensive work and it reaffirms many of his arguments from previous works in regards to the practical politics of running a Republic. The central speaker is an “Athenian stranger” who gives “advice on the constitution of a proposed new city”. Bibliography lists 3 sources.

  • Historical Theories of Auguste Comte and Karl Marx

    A 5 page research paper that contrasts and compares the theories that Marx and Comte developed regarding history. The writer argues that these theories were radically different because each looked at a different aspect of human development across history. Marx's theories concerning history dealt with the economic connection between society and the means of production. Comte's theories, on the other hand, dealt more with the way in which a society perceives reality. Bibliography lists 5 sources.

  • Contemporary Symbolic Logic History

    This 6 page paper explores the history of logic, with a focus on Aristotle. Applications for use of logical principles are fully explored. The paper looks at the use of logic from Ancient times through the postmodern era. Bibliography lists 5 sources.

  • History, Revolution, and Karl Marx's The Communist Manifesto

    This 5 page report discusses The Communist Manifesto (1848) and Karl Marx’s declaration, in the most simplistic terms, was that all events are determined by economic forces. The Manifesto was much more than a “literary and philosophical work,” -- it was also a revolutionary document, a plan to battle and a call to arms, and a reflection of the history of humanity in the Western world. Bibliography lists 4 sources.

  • Issue of Mortality in Literature and in Life

    This 8 page paper examines the issue of mortality and explores three works of literature as part of the analysis. Genesis along with Gilgamesh and Pliny the Elder's Natural History are the works discussed. Bibliography lists 3 sources.

  • Analyzing On the Use and Abuse of History for Life by Friedrich Nietzsche

    A 5 page paper analyzing Neitzsche’s view of the study of history. Neitzsche indicates that there is value in being able to be “unhistorical,” that is, being able to forget portions of history that do nothing to add value to the present, but he also states that the “super-historical” is the preferred state. This is the perspective that calls on art and religion to inform conclusions about past events and their applicability to the present time. It is one that considers more than only one narrow view of any point or time in history. Bibliography lists 1 source.

  • Philosophy and Metaphysics

    12 pages in length. The writer discusses in detail the contributions to metaphysics made by such philosophers as Aquinas, Plato, Hegel, Kant and Charles Taylor. Bibliography lists 9 sources.

  • Life's Service and Disservice According to Friedrich Nietzsche

    This 6 page paper talks about Nietzsche's essay entitled History in the Service and Disservice of Life. The ideas are related to modern philosophy. The concepts are further compared with Greek philosophy. Concepts regarding history and its importance are discussed in general. No additional sources cited.

  • Text Analysis of 'Evil in Modern Thought An Alternative History of Philosophy' by Susan Neiman

    A 10 page paper which examines the various philosophical inquiries into evil as scrutinized by thinkers since the sixteenth-century Enlightenment. Specifically discussed are how the author goes about tackling this way subject, what is meant by “fire from heaven” in Chapter 1, and who it has in mind, the identity of the ‘architect’ being condemned in Chapter 2 and how philosophers deal with Him, ponders who the thinkers are that brought an ‘end to our illusions’ as referenced in Chapter 3, and contemplates the ‘prophets of homelessness’ described in Chapter 4. Bibliography lists 5 sources.

  • Philosophy Through the Ages

    A 3 page research paper that offers a brief survey of how a variety of major philosophers have addressed the basic questions of philosophy. Bibliography lists 2 sources.

  • Life as Seen Through the Classics

    5 pages in length. There exist a great many philosophies by which people live their lives, which ultimately help maintain order and a sense of direction that otherwise would merely drift in subconscious thought. Examining these varied philosophies as they relate to Benjamin Franklin's attitude toward achieving material wealth and rising in the world; Henry David Thoreau's argument for a more spiritual way of life; Ralph Waldo Emerson's insistence on the need for self reliance and thinking for one self even to the point of separation from others; and Nathaniel Hawthorne's sad portrait of Young Goodman Brown, one finds that the separation between and among these philosophies reflects the distinct separations that also divide society. Bibliography lists 6 sources.

  • Literature and Laughter

    This 10 page paper discusses laughter according to Umberto Eco's "The Name of the Rose" and Aristotle's "Poetics". This paper explains the views of these authors in terms of comedy and laughter and compares and contrasts their thoughts on the subject. Bibliography lists 8 sources.

  • Baudrillard, Plato, Sartre and Thoreau

    This 5 page paper considers four works of literature and how they view humanity. Bibliography lists 4 sources.

  • Nurture and Nature Psychological Intelligence Debates

    A 9 page discussion of the question of just what it is that determined our intelligence. The author compares the various theories which have been purported over time, noting the controversy associated with the theory that genetics play a role in our intelligence. The conclusion is presented that it is likely that both genetics and environment which shape this critical aspect of our being. Bibliography lists 7 sources.

  • Concept of the Human Imagination

    This 15 page paper examines the concept of imagination. The paper delves into both the disciplines of psychology and philosophy. The concept of imagination is defined and explored historically. Bibliography lists 7 sources.

  • Knowledge, What We Know and How We Know It

    This 4 page paper considers how we know what we know, looking at this using philosophy and psychology the approaches of feminism and critical enquiry are utilized in which to determine how and when we can say we know what we know. The bibliography cites 3 sources.

  • Beauty, the Sublime, Immanuel Kant, and Edmund Burke

    This 14 page paper discusses the ideas of philosophers Edmund Burke and Immanuel Kant in relation to their ideas about the sublime and about beauty. Furthermore, this paper underlines how their theories on this subject influenced the fields of psychology and philosophy. Bibliography lists 7 sources.

  • Sensual Inquiry of Philosopher Rene Descartes

    This 5 page paper looks at this well known theorist's second meditation and how he views the senses. How this theory is applied to modern psychology is also noted. The time in which Descartes lived is discussed in terms of his contributions to society. Bibliography lists 4 sources.

  • Utilitarian Views on Homosexuality

    This 4 page paper argues that while homosexuality is likely supported by utilitarianism, same sex marriage would not be. Utilitarianism is defined. Bibliography lists 2 sources.

  • 'Born to be Good?' by Celia Kitzinger Summarized and Discussed

    This is a 4 page paper discussing Celia Kitzinger’s article “Born to be Good?”. British psychologist Celia Kitzinger discusses human motivation in relation to the psychology of morality of the “good, bad or indifferent” treatment of others in her essay “Born to be Good?” (1997). Kitzinger’s article tells readers some of the more popular social, biological and psychological theories in regards to moral development and some of the controversies with these theories. In addition to theories of moral development and beliefs, perhaps more importantly Kitzinger tackles the differences which exist between moral beliefs and action. In many situations people who may have high moral beliefs act in horrible ways because of social pressures. Overall, the essay presents a well informed look at moral beliefs, motivation and actions and opens the discussion for future discussions on what can be done to overcome social pressures which cause people to act counter to their moral beliefs and upbringing. Bibliography lists 3 sources.

  • Theory of 'Indeterminancy of Translation' by Willard V. Quine

    This is a 15 page paper discussing Quine’s theory of indeterminacy of translation. Willard V. Quine was a mathematician and philosopher who lived from 1908-2000. During the last half of the 20th century, Quine developed several theories, one of which was the theory of indeterminacy of translation, which challenged some of the former assumptions used in the fields of psychology, linguists and anthropology. Quine asserted that accurate translations between languages could not be made for a number of reasons. Firstly, linguists could not get basic terms of references, or starting elements, because from a holistic perspective, sentences are the basic form of meaning and all sentences are semantically linked by the native speaker. Secondly, “meaning” could not be considered as an absolute element. In addition to some of these basic changes in the construct of translations, Quine also discussed the idea that not only were correct translations into English not possible but also two translation manuals given the same observational stimuli could also not be interchangeable because of the assumptions and the linguist’s imposition of his own beliefs and patterns onto the native language. Obviously, Quine’s theories were criticized as linguists made the case that several translations were considered successful because smooth negotiation and conversation could take place between native speakers and foreign speakers. However Quine’s dissection of the linguist’s process into one of a mathematical and scientific process is considered one of the most significant within the last fifty years in linguistic philosophy. Bibliography lists 6 sources.

  • Four Insights into the Meaning of Life

    A 5 page research paper that consists of 2 separate essays that each deal with philosophical questions about life. The first essay concerns Gaines' A Lesson Before Dying and Gomes' The Good Life. The second uses Albom's Tuesdays with Morrie and McFarland's The Music Room. No additional sources cited.

  • Friedrich Nietzsche and Nihilism

    This is an 11 page paper discussing Nietzsche and the concept of nihilism within his work. German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900) is probably best known for his works on nihilism; the belief that all values, truths and morals which have been constructed by man are baseless including those within the Bible. Nietzsche did not originally begin his work in the area in nihilism but throughout his own study and questioning of the theories of truth found in theology, the classics and philosophy which had always been readily accepted for centuries, he concluded that the eventual course of man would be that of nihilism. As man demands more answers through the field of science, many of the traditional theories and religious beliefs will be stripped away. At the same time, humans will begin to realize that they cannot meet the ideals of the invented truth and will not be able to transcend into that “higher world”. Despair follows and man must return to nature and a time of humanity where the invented concepts of “good” versus “evil” are no longer relevant. Beliefs are then based on the singular concepts of each person living each day. However, these ideas are contrary to societal beliefs and the basic structure of society and therefore society as we know it will be destroyed. Bibliography lists 9 sources.

  • Aquinas by F.C. Copleston

    A 3 page essay that analyzes F.C. Copleston's Aquinas, An Introduction to the life and work of the Great Medieval Thinker (1955). The writer argues that Copleston offers a balanced and well-written account of Aquinas' life and his contributions to theology and philosophy. This examination of Copleston's text shows that his interpretation of Aquinas' work is enlightening and insightful, particularly in regards to Aquinas' cosmological argument on the existence of God. No additional sources cited.

  • Good and Evil According to Immanuel Kant

    This 10 page paper discusses the philosphies of Kant in relation to good and evil. This paper refers to his work "Religion and Rational Theology" and also addressed how Kant believed goodness could be restored from evil. Bibliography lists 1 source.

  • Relationship Between Baconian And Cartesian Philosophy During The Scientific Revolution

    3 pages in length. The relationship between Baconian and Cartesian philosophy with regard to the scientific revolution of the 16th and 17th centuries reflects the dawning of rational thought over that of theology. As a positivist, Francis Bacon upheld the belief that experience and observation are the two most critical components of knowledge, a pairing he believed eclipsed the dubious aspect of mysticism; by contrast, behind Descartes' principle was the concept of being in touch with such internal aspects as beliefs, ideas, reasoning, hopes, thoughts, memories and temperament. Bibliography lists 3 sources.

  • What Does Empiricism Teach About The Relationship Between Appearance And Reality?

    4 pages in length. The debate over empiricism and what value it may hold in relation to man's knowledge and understanding of the world around him evolved to quite a level of dispute among some of history's most outspoken theorists. During this period of enlightenment Locke, Hume, Berkeley and Descartes held the most vocal positions. Bibliography lists 3 sources.

  • Origins of Moral Virtue

    6 pages in length. The writer argues that moral virtue is acquired by practice and based upon the dictates of various cultural societies. Bibliography lists 6 sources.

  • Philosophical Analysis on the Illegality of Extortion

    This 7 page paper examines the concept of extortion using a case study submitted by a student. Whether extortion should be illegal is contemplated. The social contract is discussed. Bibliography lists 8 sources.

  • A Relationship Between an Individual and Money

    This 10-page paper discusses, through the works of Needleman, Hill and Simmel, an individual's healthy relationship with money. Bibliography lists 4 sources.

  • Ethics, the Soul, and 'Allegory of the Cave' in the A. Bloom Translation of Plato's The Republic

    This is an 8 page paper discussing specific aspects of Plato’s The Republic as translated by A. Bloom. Aspects discussed are the Allegory of the Cave, The Soul and ethical and religious views in respect to arguments by Socrates and presented by A.J. Ayer. Direct references are made to Bloom’s 1968 translation. Bibliography lists 3 sources.

  • Plato’s Cave and Sartre

    A 3 page paper which examines the Allegory of the Cave by Plato and works by Sartre as they relate to inspiration for searching out one’s identity. Bibliography lists 2 sources.

  • Cheating is Necessary

    A 3 page paper which examines the necessity of cheating for a student. No sources cited.

  • Democracy Concepts of Jean Jacques Rousseau

    This 5 page paper focuses on The Social Contract and how Rousseau saw democracy. Representative versus direct democracy models are discussed. Bibliography lists 2 sources.

  • Emily Dickinson's Poetry and Transcendentalism

    A 6 page paper which examines the poetry of Emily Dickinson for tenets of Transcendentalism. Bibliography lists 5 sources.

  • Concept of the Human Imagination

    This 15 page paper examines the concept of imagination. The paper delves into both the disciplines of psychology and philosophy. The concept of imagination is defined and explored historically. Bibliography lists 7 sources.

  • The Right to Private Property in the Constitution

    This 7 page paper considers the development of constitutional private property rights tracing these from the ideas Sparta and Ancient Greece to the Modern European Union and United States. The paper discusses the right to property in a number of the constitutions and/or other systems for protecting "rights". The bibliography cites 12 sources.

  • Religious Diversity, Biology, and Memes

    A 12 page research paper that examines a variety of questions concerning biology and current ideas about how it interacts with religion. Topics explored include memes and the work of Susan Blackmore, Consilience by Edward O. Wilson, the work of Gould and Wolfram, and more. Bibliography lists 12 sources.

  • Jesus Christ and Friedrich Nietzsche

    A 3 page essay that compares and contrasts Jesus and Nietzsche. The Gospel According to St. Matthew records the Jesus' Sermon on the Mount (Matt. 5:1-7:29). This sermon effectively summarizes Jesus' moral teaching. In his text The Consolation of Philosophy, Alain de Botton offers an interesting perspective on the life and philosophy of nineteenth century German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche. Amazingly, De Botton finds commonality between the philosophy expressed by Jesus and that of Nietzsche. This is amazing because Nietzsche's philosophy is commonly regarded as the antithesis of Christianity. Nevertheless, De Botton, in offering a kinder, gentler view of Nietzsche, shows how there are life affirming points in supremacist orientation. No additional sources cited.

  • The Justin Ellsworth Case (Analysis)

    This 3 page paper evaluates this case that concerns the release of email to a decedent's family. Philosophical theory is used. Bibliography lists 3 sources.

  • Second Trimester of Pregnancy and Abortion Rights

    This 4 page paper uses Kantian ethics to argue for specific maxims. A case study submitted by a student is used as a springboard for discussion. The paper supports abortion rights but is against partial birth abortion. Bibliography lists 2 sources.

  • Kantian Ethics: Is a First Trimester Abortion Ethically Permissible?

    This 5 page paper examines the ethics of abortion. Kantian ethics are explained. The answer to the question is no but the paper concludes that on a personal level, this line of thinking is impractical. Bibliography lists 1 source.

  • Pros and Cons of Abortion

    A 5 page paper which examines the pros and cons of abortion. The paper offers the two sides and also argues for pro-choice based on predominantly philosophical reasoning. Bibliography lists 6 sources.

  • The Difference Between Human and Non-Human Animals

    This 5 page paper explores the consciousness of animals as well as their rights. Do animals have souls? People are divided in terms of thought when it comes to the fate of animals. Ideas from Descartes and Freud are compared. Darwinism is discussed. Bibliography lists 3 sources.

  • The Concept of the “Virtuous Person” in Socratic and Buddhist Tradition

    This 9 page paper considers the concept of the virtuous person in the Buddhist and Socratic traditions, and argues that it seems to be more coherent in the Socratic tradition, because that is the tradition we know in the West. However, the paper also suggests that the Buddhist tradition—which emphasizes compassion—is not inferior, simply different. Bibliography lists 3 sources.

  • Matthew Fox and Socrates

    This 3 page paper explores the positions of two philosophers of radically different time periods: Socrates (c469-399-BC) and twentieth century, philosopher and theologian Matthex Fox. Anyone who wants to contemplate the nature of things - spiritual or worldly - needs to realize that there are times when one will be forced to act upon their convictions. Both of our 'spiritualists' thousands of years apart realized this. Bibliography lists 3 sources.

  • Free Speech and J.S. Mill

    5 pages in length. In response to the article entitled "New Battles in Old War Over Freedom of Speech," John Stuart Mill would attest to the fact that mankind is bound to the limits provided by the masses. Mill fit into the general history of political, economic and social thought by applying his interpretation of society and the utilitarian philosophies by which it should abide. The concept of utilitarianism speaks well to the stance on free speech Mill supported. Bibliography lists 2 sources.

  • Kant, Ethics, Drug Companies, and Drug Sales

    7 pages in length. To delve into the concepts of morality and knowledge in relation to drug companies supplying physicians with incentives to persuade them to prescribe high-cost drugs to their patients is to re-examine the wide and varying societal rules that bind one to one's cultural existence. Due in large part to Kant's (1948) enlightened writings, humanity constantly works hard to fend off inherent materialistic tendencies it harbors in exchange for acting upon the tenets of social responsibility; however, this particular situation throws humanity's efforts toward being a civilized being back by hundreds of years. Bibliography lists 2 sources.

  • Development and Human Evolution According to Hegel

    8 pages in length. According to Weeks, "Hegel created a profound analysis of human evolution and development, which encompassed all aspects of human knowledge and achievement." Indeed, the approach Hegel took toward understanding his own species was a holistic endeavor, one that encompassed the very essence of man's existence to include the spirit, sensory perception, consciousness and above all, true knowledge. Bibliography lists 5 sources.

  • Thought Experiment, Causality, and Logic

    A 4 page research paper that concerns a scenario in which an artist creates a work that incorporates two feathered wings gleaned from road-kill. The wings are left to dry, tied to a rafter and when the artist returns finds that they were not as clean as they appeared to be and were, in fact, invested as a pile of dead maggots lies below them. In cleaning up the maggots, the artist inadvertently steps on several staining the tile floor. At least, the artist assumes that the brown stains that will not clean up resulted from the crushed maggots and concludes "maggot juice stains." However, can this be proven and explained logically? The writer discusses Hempel's deductive-nomological model of explanation and designs an experiment to test the "maggot juice stains" hypothesis. Bibliography lists 2 sources.

  • Bad Faith Concept of Jean Paul Sartre

    A five page paper which considers Sartre's concept of bad faith, how it relates to human consciousness and autonomy, and the way in which external societal systems encourage self-deception and the rejection of personal responsibility for choice.

  • Critical Thinking and Fallacies

    A 6 page research paper that addresses fallacies and their relationship to critical thinking. Logical fallacies are errors in thinking that can be found in argumentative language (Haskins, 2005). This examination of several categories of fallacies, first of all, defines the fallacy and discusses its significant to the critical thinking process, as well as its general application to the decision making process. Bibliography lists 4 sources.

  • The Relationship Between Happiness And Work

    4 pages in length. Happiness and work are inextricably intertwined even though the coupling may seem entirely mismatched. The extent to which happiness is the result of virtue is both grand and far-reaching; that work cultivates feelings of accomplishment and value - and therefore virtue - speaks to the inherent segue between happiness and work. The gift of producing something either with one's own hands or intellect is gratifying in and of itself, so it only stands to reason how that work-related performance should give way to feelings of happiness through achievement. And then begins the unending cycle of work creating happiness and happiness infusing the value of virtuous work. Bibliography lists 5 sources.

  • A Justification of Alien Abductioins from a Utilitarian Perspective

    A 3 page exploration of the suggestion that alien beings should be allowed to abduct involuntary human subjects for lethal medical experiments provided that they give humanity a cure for all current and future viral diseases (including AIDS). The author utilizes John Stewart Mill's utilitarian approach to first validate and then to discredit the logic of this approach. Bibliography lists 1 source.

  • Student Supplied Readings on Being Human

    This 5 page paper incorporates a number of readings submitted by a student to address the issue of being human. Several themes are discussed , including consciousness, war and its effects, and how technology affects man's communion with nature. No bibliography.

  • Philosophical Analysis of Nestle's Infant Formula Marketing

    This 6 page paper examines a case study submitted by a student regarding the Nestle Company and its marketing of infant formula. The controversy contained in the case is examined under both types of utilitarian theory in addition to other philosophic views. Bibliography lists 2 sources.

  • John Dewey's Educational Philosophy

    6 pages in length. Celebrated American philosopher, John Dewey, postulated that all life was interconnected amidst education, art and the environment. Through his teachings, Dewey passed along his philosophies to countless students in several colleges across the country. Education as we know it today has greatly benefited because of the insightful philosophies of one of America's foremost thinkers. The writer briefly encapsulates Dewey's philosophies as they developed throughout his career.

  • Oration of Pico

    A paper which looks at Pico's Oration as an example of fifteenth century philsophy, and considers how Pico's worldview relates to that of the nineteenth century, and to the modern world. Bibliography lists 5 sources

  • Theme of Pleasure in Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels, Plato's The Republic, and Thomas More's Utopia

    A six page paper which compares and contrasts the concept of pleasure in the three works, with particular reference to the difference between physical, mental and apiritual pleasure, and the importance of rationality and wisdom to a civilised society.

  • W.D. Ross and the Philosophy of Pleasure and Pain

    This 3 page paper explores some of the ideas of philosopher W.D. Ross with regard to intrinsic good, pleasure and pain.

  • Classical/Choice Theory and the Death Penalty

    In seven pages this paper presents the pros and cons of the death penalty issue and then presents an argument based upon classical/choice theory that considers committing crimes to be an act of free will and that punishment should serve as a crime deterrence. Two sources are cited in the bibliography.

  • Prostitution - A Utilitarian Perspective

    This is a 5 page paper that provides an overview of the ethics of prostitution. In particular, the utilitarian perspective is used to justify the legalization of the activity. Bibliography lists 2 sources.

  • The Politics and Metaphysics of Thomas Hobbes

    A 6 page paper that provides an overview of Hobbes metaphysical considerations as they relate to both politics and religion and considers these elements in terms of Hobbes' Leviathan. No additional sources cited.

  • Responsibility

    Responsibility is defined in this 5 page paper. Three types of responsibility are discussed : causal, legal and moral. Other ways of looking at responsibility are addressed. Was Paris Hilton responsible for her fate? This is just one example used in the context of this interesting look at a simple concept. Bibliography lists 5 sources.

  • Nietzsche's The Collapse of Western Metaphysics in the Areas of Reason, Morality, and Religion and Underground Man of Fyodor Dostoevsky

    A 5 page contention that we are currently experiencing the retributions of a general crisis in Western Thought, a crisis that has resulted from the collapse of western metaphysics in the areas of reason, morality, and religion. This crisis has serious implications for culture and the image of man alike. The author of this paper illustrates it with an examination of the views of the so-called "underground man" and Nietzsche. Bibliography lists 4 sources.

  • Mind/Consciousness/Body Duality

    A 3 page essay that briefly discusses the mind/body duality question, defining mind and consciousness. Bibliography lists 3 sources.

  • Distinction Between the Mind and Body and Sixth Meditation of Rene Descartes

    This 5 page report discusses Rene Descartes’ Sixth Meditation, which is titled “Of the Existence of Things Material, and of the Real Distinction Between the Mind and Body of Man,” Descartes addresses the distinctions that exist between the human mind and the human body. “Cartesian dualism” is the title given to the interaction that exists between the “separate” entities of mind and body. Bibliography lists only the primary source.

  • Time Travel Possibility

    This 16 page paper considers the possibility of time travel and looks at the way in which two article deal with arguments that state time travel would result in too many coincidences to be a possibility. The paper looks at two articles Nicholas J J Smith’s article, Bananas Enough for Time Travel and Theodore Siders, Time Travel, Coincidences, and Counterfactuals. The bibliography cites 2n sources.

  • Philosophy of the Enlightenment and Postmodernism and the Self Concept

    A 2 page research paper that compares the concept of self in the Enlightenment with that of the postmodern era. The writer particularly addresses how the philosophy of the Enlightenment differed from that of the existentialists. Bibliography lists 2 sources.

  • Virtues of Mind by Linda Zagzebski

    A 6 page paper on Linda Zagzebski's 'Virtues of the Mind: An Inquiry into the Nature of Virtue and the Ethical Foundations of Knowledge,' which argues that Zagzebski's theory is valid and based on an inclusive study of why people act on knowledge, and where knowledge is based. The paper posulates that her intent is to not seek to rewrite the current theories, but to combine them. Theories used for the basis of her thesis include: epistemology (virtue), and philosophical and psychological bases of knowledge. Bibliography lists 5 sources.

  • Vocation of Man and Fichte's Philosophy

    A 5 page research paper that examines how the philosophy of Fichte built on that of Kant to form the foundations for the philosophical school of absolute idealism. This analysis of his book The Vocation of Man gives an overview of his philosophy. Bibliography lists 6 sources.

  • Deductive and Inductive Forms of Reasoning

    This 20 page research paper discusses the philosophical concepts of inductive and deductive reasoning to the development of modern-day logic. The works of numerous historic philosophers are cited. Bibliography lists 8 sources.

  • Universe Origins and the Theories of Michio Kaku

    This 5 page paper looks at Michio Kaku's theories on the origin of the universe and why they are so important.The subject is discussed philosophically in terms of why man needs to know how the universe began. Hawking is quoted. Bibliography lists 6 sources.

  • Summaries of Articles by Rawls, Mills, and Dworkin

    5 pages in length. The writer summarizes three articles: Ronald Dworkin's 'Is affirmative action doomed?,' Mills' 'Of the limits to the authority of society over the individual,' and John Rawls' 'A theory of justice.' No additional sources cited.

  • Benevolence and Confucius

    8 pages in length. The writer discusses how Confucius recognized the fact that humanity has turned into a selfish, egotistical and myopic entity. No longer are people more concerned with others than they are with themselves. This move away from benevolence has caused considerable harm to man's reputation, as well as to the manner in which people interact. However, there does not appear to be any signs of significant change to this gross lack of social responsibility; therefore, it is safe to assume that mankind will continue down the road of self-centeredness. Bibliography lists 6 sources.

  • Perspectives on Rationalism and Society

    This 6 page paper presents the old rationalist perspective, holding that reason is essential to sustaining society. Rationalism is discussed in depth. Other opinions on the matter are duly noted, but the alternate position is refuted. Bibliography lists 3 sources.

  • Contemporary Symbolic Logic History

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    15 pages in length. Historical literature encompasses a great number of existential elements that directly relate to existence; indeed, it is not merely a compilation of dates and events, but rather it is also an exploration of humanity's spiritual side. Such is the case with Hermann Hesse's 'Demian,' Franz Kafka's 'The Trial' and Thomas Mann's 'Death In Venice,' inasmuch as all three literary masterpieces share the common denominator of self-awareness and achieving wholeness. No additional sources cited.

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  • Irigaray's Spiritual Concepts Analyzed

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    6 pages in length. In humanity's quest to embrace the concept of Utopia, Niccol's treatment of the human condition would typically inspire one to envision a world where people live life in accordance with the rule of reason; however, the writer's intent was quite the opposite. Utilizing "Gattaca" as a metaphor for Utopia – meaning true human happiness – clearly displays the need for ethical humanism, inasmuch as it is not difficult to ascertain just how off track society has gone in its urgent quest to reap materialistic benefits and gain individual domination. The writer discusses that as one relates the consequences of a world without moral fortitude, one can also perceive the manner by which humanity has overstepped the boundaries that bring together ethical conscience and humanism. Bibliography lists 5 sources.

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  • Cultural Relativism Valid Argument Construction

    This 5 page report discusses Cultural Relativism and whether or not it serves as a truly valid argument in terms of philosophical argumentation. It is important to understand that in actually constructing a meaningful argument one must present the statement or the premise and then carefully substantiate how and why the conclusion is reached that leads to such an assertion. Bibliography lists 2 sources.

  • Children and Hermeneutics

    5 pages in length. The meaning and style of hermeneutics inherently includes the nature of understanding and in the broadest possible terms asks: What is understanding? What happens when I say, "I understand"? Understanding is most relevant to hermeneutics when it takes live experience -- the event of understanding -- as its starting point. Language, the involvement of another human horizon and the act of historical penetration are all interconnected in the notion of hermeneutics as an interdisciplinary crossroads for significant thought. The writer discusses hermeneutics as it relates to children. Bibliography lists 4 sources.

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  • Society Does Not Exist

    7 pages in length. Merriam-Webster defines society as an enduring and cooperating social group whose members have developed organized patterns of relationships through interaction with one another. In light of such a description, one might readily argue the fact that contemporary society does not exist. Clearly, mankind has reached an apex of incompatibility, inasmuch as racial, political, economic and social intolerance is at an all-time high. Bibliography lists 10 sources.

  • Observation of Epicurus on Death

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  • Virtue and Vice According to Aristotle

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