Click on any of the term papers to read a brief synopsis of the research paper. The essay synopsis includes the number of pages and sources cited in the paper.
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Human Societies and Physical Geography
A paper which considers the importance of particular geographical features and phenomena in relation to the way in which human beings interact with the environment, and the importance of geography as a scientific and sociological discipline in terms of the way it allows the study of social change in reference to the physical environment.
Bibliography lists 5 sources
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National Geography Standards and Jules Verne's Around the World in Eighty Days
This is an 11 page paper discussing “Around the World in Eighty Days” in regards to the National Geography Standards. When Jules Verne wrote “Around the World in Eighty Days” (1873), the world seemed a much larger place and was just beginning to become more easily circumnavigated in a relatively short time because of the technological advances. Using the National Geography Standards comprised of six essential elements which make up the eighteen standards, it is useful to note that the elements can be identified within Verne’s work. Verne wrote an adventure fantasy story well over a century ago but was able to convey many of the essential elements used in the geographical standards and descriptions still used today.
Bibliography lists 2 sources.
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History, Development, and Geography's Influence
This is a 5 page paper discussing geography’s influence on history. Geography has a great impact on history, development, and social, cultural, religious and political affiliations. Historically, regions with geographical advantageous positions, such as those with access to navigable waterways have led other areas in regards to exploration, market economy and development. Geographically, Britain provides an excellent example of the advantages of a land with fertile soil, navigable waterways and a long coastline with natural harbors. This led England to exploration and navigation which in turn led them to other lands which they could develop. Other regions with water access also gained a great deal in trade and exploration. New lands which were developed were also those which were easily accessible, had irritable soil, and navigable waterways. Lands which did not have these geographically preferred features were largely neglected unless they were geophysically blessed with natural resources such as oil or gold. Today geography still plays an essential influence on the historical affiliations of many peoples who despite political, religious or international alliances are still mostly affected with their geographical locale.
Bibliography lists 6 sources.
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Geography According to Carl Sauer and Ellen Churchill Semple
This 5 page paper provides an overview of Sauer and Semple's views on geography. The works of Carl Sauer and Ellen Churchill Semple represent a considerable body of work on geography, environmental issues and the impacts of humans on the world. Though Sauer and Semple have developed distinct views of the processes of geographic change, Sauer is often considered to be in direct opposition to Semple's environmental determinism and human ecology. This paper considers this supposition. Bibliography lists two sources.
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Geography in the Future
This 5 page paper examines two different articles on geography as a discipline. Are external factors more influential than in the past? Why is this the case? How the discipline is viewed and why things should change are issues examined in the scope of this thoughtful piece. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
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Overview of Arizona's Pima County
8 pages in length. The writer discusses the human aspect (population, ethnic diversity, economics) and physical geography (habitat, climate, vegetation) of Pima County, Arizona. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
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Mt. Saint Helens
This 12 page paper discusses the geography and geologic information regarding Mount Saint Helen's Volcano. Furthermore, an in-depth history of the volcano is given as well as the effects of its most recent eruption in 1980. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
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International Relations from a Geographic Perspective
This 7 page paper discusses the impact of geography on international relations. Bibliography lists 12 sources.
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Concepts and Theories of Geography
9 pages in length. Understanding the spatial components of planet Earth encompasses myriad fields of knowledge; centuries' worth of study has provided the twenty-first century scientific community with the extensive scope it possesses. One of the most important fields from which this knowledge was gleaned is that of geography, a particular science that addresses everything associated with the earth's surface. Working upon the fundamental basis developed by researchers hundreds of years ago, contemporary geographical analysts have the benefits of knowing the planet's how's and why's as it relates to the developed world. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
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Hurricanes of the North Atlantic Climate and Society by James B. Elsner and A. Birol Kara
This is a 5 page book review of James B. Elsner and A. Birol Kara’s text “Hurricanes of the North Atlantic: Climate and Society” (1999). James B. Elsner and A. Birol Kara’s text “Hurricanes of the North Atlantic: Climate and Society” (1999) is considered an extensive scientific text authored by two well established researchers in their areas of expertise. The book written by a professor of meteorology and geography at Florida State University and a contractor for the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory of NASA uses historical and scientific studies to assess the hurricane activity and consequences in the North Atlantic while providing the reader with prediction models, historical data sets, statistics and the “societal vulnerability to hurricanes”. Overall, Book News (1999) considers it “of likely interest to meteorologists, climatologists, and economists, as well as decision makers in government and industry”.
Bibliography lists 5 sources.
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The American Museum of Natural History and its Rose Center Exhibits
(6pp). The Rose Center's permanent exhibits,
detailing the size, scope and growth of the
universe as well as the earth's place within it,
were unveiled in February (2000) inside the new
structure of steel and glass. The seven-story orb
appears to hover next to the museum, and at night
glows with a soft blue light. The center replaces
the old Hayden Planetarium, a New York City
landmark that introduced millions of city kids to
the night sky between 1935 and 1997. Kids of all
ages are still thrilled with the spectrum of
choices: design and exhibits are spectacular.
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Early Europe, Scientific Theory Development, and Counterfactual History
An 11 page exploration of the way society repressed scientific fact in Europe, between 1000 A.D and 1800 A.D. The toll this repression took was a delay in the development of muchmore advanced knowledge. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
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A Review of Literature Regarding Cotton Harvest Aids
16 pages. This is an extensive literature review on the topic of harvest aid chemicals and timings on cottonseed that are to be re-used for planting purposes. Some topics included are the cool/warm vigor index, seed index, and chemicals used. Bibliography includes 30 sources.
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Boiling Water and Salt's Impact
A Literature Review: 5 pages. The effect of salt on boiling water is an interesting phenomenon. This literature review describes five articles that deal with this subject and give various fact and figures regarding salt and boiling water as well as explanations regarding the reason we have two types of temperature measurements, Celsius and Fahrenheit. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
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Gravitational Force and Mass
A 5 page exploration of the hypothesis that " The mass of an object has no effect on the acceleration of a falling object". The author explores this hypothesis in relation to Newton's Constant for Gravitational force and pulls projects from the literature to illustrate that relationship. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
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Pest Management Integration Benefits
5 pages. The purpose of integrated pest management is to utilize the management of destruction by pests to crops and other agriculture with as little damage to the environment as possible. By using a system of integration we can cut down on the harmful chemicals and poisons that often harm the ecological balance. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
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Overlying Atmospheric Circulation System and Ocean Currents
A 5 page discussion of the relationship between ocean currents and the overlying atmospheric circulation system. Both ocean circulation systems and atmospheric systems have definitive patterns which are comparable in their nature and both function in much the same way in regard to the manner which they move through the world. The author discusses the causes and effects of this interrelationship, noting important phenomena like hurricanes and the ability of the world’s currents to transport not only sedimentary material but man himself. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
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Ocean Floor's Hydrothermal Vents
A 9 page overview of this recently discovered geologic phenomena. This paper provides a description of hydrothermal vents as well as a detailed overview of their geology and the biology which they drive. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
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Why California Won’t Fall into the Ocean
This 3 page paper explains why California will not fall into the Pacific, though it will continue to experience earthquakes. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
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The Ocean Basins
This is a 5 page paper that provides an overview of the ocean basins. Ecological concerns involving polar ice cap reduction are cited. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
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Avoiding Most Devastating Tsunami Effects
A 3 page paper discussing the Indian Ocean tsunami. On December 26, 2004, two tectonic plates that have been opposing each other for millennia shifted under the earth’s surface, resulting in an earthquake under the Indian Ocean. The earthquake shook the earth enough to change time, albeit only by microseconds. The greater consequence was that the earthquake displaced an immense volume of water. The final result was that the tsunami created by the earthquake killed more than all 20th century tsunamis combined. There was no warning. There were, however, actions that people in the affected areas could take. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
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Hydrothermal Vents' Geology
A 9 page discussion of the unique geology of hydrothermal vents. The subterranean processes which result in these vents also results in the expulsion of numerous minerals to the surface of the ocean floor. These mineral deposits form distinctive features which are potentially valuable not only from an aesthetic and ecological standpoint but mining standpoint. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
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Darwin's Theory and Genesis
A 4 page paper which examines the theme of harmony in Charles Darwin’s “On the Origin of Species: Chapter IV Natural Selection” and Chapter 1 of Genesis in the Bible. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
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Water Supply Problems and the Kankakee Basin Projects
A five page paper which looks at the problems of water supply in the Kankakee basin region, in terms of the effect of pollution on local aquifers, the way in which dredging of the local marshlands has caused erosion and flooding, and the various projects which are being undertaken to restore the structure of the marshlands and thereby improve both the local ecological environment and the community.
Bibliography lists 4 sources
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Hydronic Systems and Heating Loads
A 5 page paper discussing the benefits of boiler-based heating systems for various types of heat loads. In years past, the boiler system was considered to be most useful in only large commercial applications, but it quickly is becoming standard in residential and light industrial use as well. The paper discusses some of the theoretical (i.e., Newtonian) underpinnings of hydronic operation as well as the fluid mechanics aspects. No equations. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
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Radiation, Convection, and Conducton Heat Transfer Mechanisms
This 6 page paper examines heat transference mechanisms. The paper stars with a good overview of how heat is transferred and the equation for heat transfer rates. Following this the three different mechanisms; conduction, convection and radiation are each examined. The bibliography cites 1 source.
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Great Plains and Severe Weather
A 4 page paper that identifies where Tornado Alley is and why it has that nickname. The essay explains what a tornado is and how scientist think it is formed. Some examples of tornadoes are provided. The essay comments on the development of the Great Plains region and how people deal with tornadoes today. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
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Gravitational Force and Mass
A 5 page exploration of the hypothesis that " The mass of an object has no effect on the acceleration of a falling object". The author explores this hypothesis in relation to Newton's Constant for Gravitational force and pulls projects from the literature to illustrate that relationship. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
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Why Ships Float and Nails Sink
This 3 page paper explores one of the most basic and most mysterious forces in nature: buoyancy. It explains why a heavy steel ship can float but a steel nail sinks. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
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Carbon Cycle and Photosynthesis
7 pages in length. The cycle of life is present in myriad forms -- from birds dispersing seedlings far and wide to bees pollinating flowers to animals propagating their respective species -- providing for the survival of every living thing on this planet. The symbiotic relationship that exists between each two elements in the above examples illustrates how the lifecycle could not perpetuate itself if one of them were missing, a point just as pertinent when examining how soil and seed make food as when analyzing the interdependence of photosynthesis and the carbon cycle, with coral reefs representing a most appropriate example of this association. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
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A 'Smart' Antenna for Cell Phones
A 6 page paper discussing the development and use of the “smart” antenna as a method of reducing the level of radiation exposure resulting from cellular telephone use. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
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Examination of Black Holes
An 8 page paper which describes black holes and examines their increased importance in astrophysics of the 20th and 21st centuries. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
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Reducing Green House Gas Emissions in Irish Dairy Farming
There is little doubt that green house gases need to be reduced. This 15 page paper summarizes an article that assesses the potential of different dairy herd management systems to reduce the direct and indirect green house gas emissions. The reseach also looked at the impact on profit levels. The paper summarises the findings of the reseach and then offers a neutral opinion on the reseach. The bibliography cites 1 source.
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Garlic Growing Protects Against Cancer and Vampires
In four pages (3 pages plus a 1 pg. outline) this paper provides a background on the benefits of growing garlic and provides instructions on how garlic can be grown easily, inexpensively, and without any organic gardening prowess. The outline is in MLA format and there are no bibliographical sources included.
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Fly Ash's Strength
This 8 page paper provides an overview about the strength of fly ash. Positive and negative aspects are also discussed. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
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Johannes Kepler and His Contribution to Astrology
This 4 page paper examines the reforms that were proposed by Johannes Kepler during the sixteenth century and why he made these proposals that revolutionised the practice of astrology. The bibliography cites 5 sources.
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Global Warming And Methane Hydrate
A 4 page paper. The writer suggests that the exact location and time when global warming began cannot be determined but it does appear to have begun millennia ago, even prior to the industrial revolution. Recent research from drillings in Greenland suggest a new theory for past ice ages and warming trends. Data are reported when available. Both carbon dioxide and methane hydrate cause this greenhouse effect; this is discussed. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
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New Brunswick, Canada's Zinc Industry
This is an 8 page paper discussing the zinc industry in New Brunswick, Canada. Tutorial language is inserted throughout in square brackets to aid in writing process for customer. The zinc industry in New Brunswick, Canada is the largest in the world by volume and is part of the larger mining and mineral production industry which contributes over $790 million annually to the province. The Brunswick mine, near Bathurst, is owned and operated by Noranda and is the largest producer of zinc and lead concentrate. Despite the fact that a mine’s average life span is approximately 10 years, Noranda and the province have dedicated funding for additional exploration in addition to Noranda constantly improving their production processes to increase their zinc yield (currently at 32% of the total Canadian reserves). This investment and dedication of the province as well as the private corporation of Noranda should continue to keep New Brunswick as a major producer in the zinc industry with an initial estimation of an increase in revenue expected at 6% for the year 2003 alone.
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QUESTIONS ABOUT ENERGY AND FUEL SOURCES
This 3-page paper answers various questions about energy, fossil fuel and alternative energy. Bibliography lists 1 source.
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The Petrochemical Industry in Saudi Arabia
This 6 page paper examines the petrochemical industry in Saudi Arabia looking at the level of importance of the industry, the types of oil, locations of the oil fields and the level of oil reserves and the current and future capacity of the industry in Saudi Arabia. The bibliography cites 4 sources.
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Earth: History And Comparison With Other Planets
6 pages in length. The writer discusses earth's geological history and briefly compares it with the other solar planets. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
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Landscape and the Environment
This 9 page argumentative essay explores the synthesis ideas of Tilley concerning landscape and apply it to the environmental issue. Explored are biological needs, societal needs and psychological needs in the evolutionary process. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
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The Use of Lasers to Drill Gas and Oil Wells
This 8 page paper looks at different aspects of laser use to drill oil and gas wells. The paper starts by comparing laser and traditional methods, then looks at formation perforation, spalling and the use of lasers for casing. The bibliography cites 7 sources.
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Concepts of Mechanical Engineering
This paper defines some mechanical engineering concepts including hydraulics, pressure vessels and heating loads. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
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OZONE DEPLETION AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MEASUREMENT
This 3-page paper examines technologies used for the study of ozone depletion. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
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19th Century Physicist Albert Michelson and Basic Physics Principles
A 4 page examination of Michelson's contention that in regard to physics "most of the grand underlying principles have now been firmly established and that further advances are to be sought chiefly in the rigorous application of these principles to all the phenomena which come under our notice". The author contends that Michelson's contention is still applicable even today. While we continue to make "astonishing" discoveries, we have yet to conclusively demonstrate that the basic physical processes underlying those discoveries significantly deviate from the basic physical principles known by Michelson. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
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Overview of Remote Sensing
This 7 page paper defines what remote sensing is, traces its history briefly, and explores some of its uses and what it might become in the future.
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Comparing Potting Soil to Starter Soil (Science Fair Project)
This 3 page paper is a tutorial that may help a student create a science fair project. This one provides specific information on soil comparisons. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
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Practice of Soil Reinforcement with Steel
A 5 page paper discussing the practice of reinforcing soil with narrow steel bands, a technique that provides immense benefit in soil stabilization for construction projects and can reduce costs as much as 50 percent. This method of reinforcing soil for construction purposes has been found to be useful in a variety of settings and for a wide range of purchases. It is useful in virtually any setting in which there will be static or dynamic stresses on supporting soil, such as bridge abutments or roadways running along the top of sloping terrain. It is also useful in areas in which earthquake activity is common. Includes 2 figures. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
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Soil Salinity in the Imperial Valley
This 5 page paper discusses soil salinity in the Imperial Valley of California, including what it is, why it’s prevalent in this location, what effects it has, how it’s formed, what its benefits are (if any) and what can be done to change the amount of salt in the soil. Bibliography lists 6 sources
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Theory and a Solar Energy Overview
This 10 page paper offers an overview of solar energy beginning with the theory underlying solar power and the two major types of solar energy. The technology of solar power cells is explained, beginning with the two major categories of solar energy. The most common materials and elements used to produce photovoltaic cells, how these cells work and their output are then reported. Four of the most common types of collectors are explained. Innovations in the production of solar cells are reported. Comments are made regarding the costs and the savings gained from using solar power. Bibliography lists 14 sources.
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Grand Canyon's Geological History
A 6 page paper discussing the stratification and geological history of this haven for geologists. The allure for geologists is that the canyon itself is geologically very young, but that the formations through which it is cut are very old. This gives insight to the geological record that otherwise would not be possible. The paper discusses the stratification and geological history of the canyon. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
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Shape of the Moon and its Orbit
5 pages. The student's assignment was to research the orbit of the moon by noting the shape of the moon, recording the date and time, and by using various forms of measurement formulating an opinion as to the shape of the moon's orbit around the earth. This paper gives some excellent information regarding the relationship of the moon to the earth and the sun, and the reasoning behind eclipses. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
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Overview of the Moon and a Lunar Eclipse
This 10 page paper describes the mechanics of a lunar eclipse, and gives information about the Moon itself. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
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Overview of the Tsunami Phenomena
A 3 page overview of the phenomena of a tsunami. The author defines tsunami and details the
factors that enter into their formation and relative strength. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
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Avoiding Most Devastating Tsunami Effects
A 3 page paper discussing the Indian Ocean tsunami. On December 26, 2004, two tectonic plates that have been opposing each other for millennia shifted under the earth’s surface, resulting in an earthquake under the Indian Ocean. The earthquake shook the earth enough to change time, albeit only by microseconds. The greater consequence was that the earthquake displaced an immense volume of water. The final result was that the tsunami created by the earthquake killed more than all 20th century tsunamis combined. There was no warning. There were, however, actions that people in the affected areas could take. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
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Agricultural Needs for Water in California
This 5 page paper discusses water scarcity, and how water should be reserved for agricultural needs primarily as opposed to urban centers in these situations. This paper uses California as an example, as well as other global locations to show the need for making agriculture a priority. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
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Climate Change and Weather Forecasting
This 3 page paper provides an overview of the factors influencing climate change and weather forecasting, especially in relationship to the Earth's energy budget. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
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Comprehensive Overview of Earthquakes
A 9 page paper on earthquakes in which the writer explains their different classifications, the role of various seismic wave patterns & types, etc; Also discussed are causes, reasons for geographical distribution, and the effects of earthquakes at different proximities beginning with the meizoseismal area (most damaged region). A final section looks at some experimental and theoretical grounds for predicting earthquakes. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
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1987's Whittier, California Earthquake
In this 7 page essay, the writer uses the Whittier Narrows Quake to show how frighteningly unpredictable and random California's earthquakes have become. The writer discusses the occurrence of that particular quake, its socioeconomic devastation, and most importantly-- describes what "lessons" we should have learned from this random example of geologic terror. Comparisons are also made between the Whittier quake and the Loma Prieta quake of 1989. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
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Probability of UFOs
A 9 page paper that argues that life on other planets, and therefore the existence of Unidentified Flying Objects, or UFOs, is not only possible but also probable. Discussed are the 1947 events surrounding what has become known as the Roswell Incident and the private sector interest and investigation into the existence of UFOs that stemmed from this incident. Included are the arguments of those who believe that the existence of UFOs and extraterrestrial life is a probability as well as the arguments of those who dispute this theory. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
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Issue of Ozone Layer Depletion
A 5 page paper that examines the environmental problem of the depletion of the ozone layer. The opposing views of this issue are discussed, along with the initial goals and objectives set by the Montreal Protocol in 1987 and the present lapse in the fulfillment of those goals and objectives. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
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Overview of Plant Life and a Secondary Succession Time Line
This 5 page paper provides a secondary succession time line and an exploration of the named plants. Requirements for plant life and how they interrelate with one another and their environment are the topics addressed. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Click on any of the term papers to read a brief synopsis of the research paper. The essay synopsis includes the number of pages and sources cited in the paper.