Research Papers on All Sports & Sports Management

Click on any of the term papers to read a brief synopsis of the research paper. The essay synopsis includes the number of pages and sources cited in the paper.

• Research Proposal on Football Attendance Influences

  This 16 page paper is a research proposal to investigate why a football team that is performing well may still be seeing a decline in ticket sales. There is a great deal of literature that associated the demand for tickets with performance levels and outcome uncertainly. There is also a smaller level of studies that has identified other factors, such as ticket cost, weather, day of the week and employment status may also impact on attendance. This paper proposes primary quantitative research with casual fans of a football club to assess what influences are impacting on the attendance in order to develop a simple but comprehensive model of influences. The bibliography cites 15 sources.

• The Problems of Football Clubs and How to Increase Revenues Through Ticket Sales; A Research Proposal

  This 12 page paper looks at the problem faced by many football clubs; the need to increase revenue. The paper outlines a proposal to investigate the way football clubs may be able to enhance revenue through ticket sales. The introduction, problem statement and research objectives and literature review are presented before a research methodology is proposed. The bibliography cites 12 sources.

• Cheshire Football Club and Management of a Soccer Team

  A 9 page paper consisting of speaker notes and text contents of an accompanying PowerPoint® presentation of a research proposal. The paper proposes investigating why attendance has declined at local matches of the Cheshire Football Club and includes a sample questionnaire as an appendix. Slide presentation available. Bibliography lists 14 sources.

• Declining Football Club Ticket Sales

  This 5 page paper is the outline for a research proposal to examine why ticket sales at a football club are falling despite good sporting results. The aim of the project is to identify the causes of the falling sales so that a strategy to increase sales can be developed. The paper includes an introduction and some mock results. The bibliography cites 5 sources.

• Negotiations - Juwan Howard

  This 6 page paper is based in a case study supplied by the student looking at the negotiations surrounding the NBA player Juwan Howard in 1996. The paper starts by summarizing the entire negotiation process. The paper then presents the situation from the perspective of Howard ands both teams involved. The bibliography cites 1 source.

• Performance Enhancement Drugs and the 'Payoff' in Sudden Death

  A 6 page paper that explores the problems resulting from the use of performance and endurance enhancing drugs in athletic training programs as well as the use of drugs such as cocaine and marijuana to build mental confidence before athletic events and to ease the competitive edge following these events. Discussion includes the dangers of anabolic steroid use along with a brief history of its introduction to the athletic arena. Bibliography lists 7 sources.

• Player Injury Liability and Sports Law

  A 5 page research paper which examines the question of what constitutes liability on the part of a coach or an institution in the event of sports related injury. The writer examines numerous cases and outlines the basics of what the courts expect from coaches and institutions. Bibliography lists 5 sources.

• The Lawsuit Filed by Casey Martin Against the PGA

  5 pages. Casey Martin, the professional golfer with a disability, filed a lawsuit against the Professional Golf Association under the Americans with Disabilities Act. This paper details the facts of his case as well as the chronology of events throughout the court proceedings. Comments are made as to the impact of this case on society at large and the sporting world in particular. Bibliography lists 6 sources.

• Legal Role of an Agent in Professional Sports

  This 10 page report discusses the legal role of the professional athlete’s agent and the evolution of sports agency. Negotiation, in any form, is primarily the art of getting another person or organization with an opposing opinion or interest to agree to a new set of criteria or demands. Such is certainly the case in professional athletes’ negotiation with team owners, potential sponsors, or any other entity determined to take advantage of an individual athlete’s skill and/or popularity. As a result, a great deal of legal controversy regarding the role of the agent, appropriate behavior, and legality have all come into the business of professional sports. Bibliography lists 15 sources.

• Injury and Safety Impacts of Bicycle Helmet Laws

  A 6 page reviews of the history and impact of laws mandating the use of helmets for bicyclists. Bicycle helmet laws are quite controversial not only within the U.S. but also in other areas of the world (especially in Australia, Canada, Finland, Iceland, and New Zealand) where they have been implemented. Many debate the quest of just how effective they are in improving safety and reducing injuries. Bibliography lists 6 sources.

• Golf's History and Evolution

  This 5 page report discusses the larger history of golf – how it evolved and what it has become. It has been fairly well established that golf was actually devised by the Scots in the 14th or 15th century. Since then, golf has evolved into a measured world by which a person can be judged by their awareness of proper etiquette, attitude, and dress, as well as how they hit the ball. Throughout the centuries, certain attitudes and rules transcend nationality and reasons for golf to create golf’s own unique world of beliefs, standards, and ideals. Bibliography lists 8 sources.

• NHL History

  This 10 page report discusses the history of the National Hockey League. The National Hockey League was created 1917 in Montreal following suspension of operations by the National Hockey Association of Canada Limited (NHA). Information relating to the development of the League, its rules and standards, as well as the role it has played in the development of hockey are noted throughout the paper. Bibliography lists 7 sources.

• World Cup History

  7 pages in length. Heralded as the world's most popular sport for the past one hundred and twenty-five years, the game of soccer has a most memorable history. From its early yet tenuous beginnings in 1904 to the first World Cup Tournament to its strong presence in the twenty-first century, soccer has demonstrated a staying power unequaled to nearly every other sport. Bibliography lists 5 sources.

• Literature Review on Sports Performance and Caffeine

  This 10 page paper provides an overview of a review of literature on the issue of caffeine use and the impacts of student athlete performance. Bibliography lists 10 sources.

• Literature Review on Student Athletes, Stressors, Benefits, and Time Management

  This 32-page paper offers a literature review of the concept of time management among student athletes (or lack thereof). Discussions also include the development of sports programs, and increased stress on today's student on many grade levels. Bibliography lists 20 sources.

• Car Racing History and NASCAR Marketing

  A 14 page paper that provides the history of car racing beginning in the prohibition era. The first actual organized race was held in Daytona Beach in 1938, organized by Bill France who went on to establish the National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing. NASCAR was officially established in 1947 with the first race under the bylaws and rules being held in 1948. A lot has changed since those first races. Today, the NASCAR races take place across the country although Daytona Beach is still the headquarters for the organization. This essay traces the history and evolution of NASCAR and comments on the changing demographics of fans over the years. The second part of this essay focuses on marketing strategies used by NASCAR, including partnerships and sponsors. The essay concludes with comments regarding future trends in marketing strategies. Data regarding fans and sponsors are included. Bibliography lists 14 sources.

• English Hooliganism and its History

  A 10 page paper which examines why hooliganism is regarded as distinctly English, considers the social landscape that produces and perpetuates it, and explores the role of the media in the development of its perception. Bibliography lists 8 sources.

• A Sport Scandals History

  This 10 page paper details sports scandals involving gambling throughout the years. Baseball, in addition to the NCAA, NBA, and NFL are discussed. Bibliography lists 10 sources.

• Literature Review on Athletic Injuries and Frequency of Upper vs. Lower Extremity Injuries

  This 12 page paper provides a literature review for injuries sustained by athletes. Different types of injuries are discussed and those involving the lower extremities versus the upper extremities are compared. Bibliography lists 15 sources.

• Literature Review of Athletes and Carbohydrates

  This 13-page paper is a literature review about carbohydrates and athletes. The discussion centers around the benefits of carbs on athletic performance. Bibliography lists 7 sources.

• Physical Education Concepts

  A 3 page literature review on PE. Keeping high student interest and involvement is a goal of every teacher in regards to their subject matter. The following literature review explores the ideas presented in a variety of articles which demonstrate ideas for accomplishing this task in regards to Physical Education (PE). Exploration of these articles indicates that PE teachers and coaches are exploring new conceptual territory in regards to how PE programs and sports instruction should be designed and implemented. Bibliography lists 6 sources.

• Sports Management and Leadership Styles

  An 8 page paper that provides an overview of basic management styles and considers their application for sports management. Bibliography lists 20 sources.

• Pro Football and Risk Management

  A 12 page research paper evaluating two common, but fairly new, business risk factors as they relate to professional football: sustained slow economic growth and increased (intensive) competition. The paper points to the dangers and consequences of not performing risk management duties well enough to ensure continued profitability, and for not evaluating the impact of changing external factors on their supporting fans. Bibliography lists 8 sources.

• Social Responsibility, Ethics, Sports, and Philosophy

  An 8 page overview of the philosophic process as it applies to such aspects of our daily lives as sports, ethics, and social responsibility. Defines the philosophic process as a quest for knowledge and ethical and moral justification in the choices we make in life. The author contends that it is a process which is, in fact, applicable to ever aspect of our lives. In sports, for example, we seek fitness, knowledge, the enhancement of motor skills, and even pleasure. In our jobs we seek competency and professionality. Bibliography lists 8 sources.

• Sports Fans and Advanced Sports Technology's Negative Effects

  8 pages in length. The writer discusses how advanced sports technology, such as television broadcasts and steroidal drug use, has detrimentally impacted sports from the fan's perspective. Bibliography lists 4 sources.

• 'Obscene' Salaries of Professional Sports' Celebrities

  This 6 page report discusses the outrageous amounts of money paid to sports stars. In the ongoing stories of athletes who are multi-millionaires, it is difficvulrt for the “average Joe’ to understand or have much sympathy for somebody who is paid millions of dollars every year to play a game. Of course, the game of professional sports is one of big business and the players serve as a truly unique product in a market with great demand for that product. Bibliography lists 6 sources.

• Sports Facility Management

  A 14 page paper. This type of management is very diverse with numerous different types of activities and responsibilities. This paper discusses management theories, leadership theories and motivation theories. It also discusses the kinds of responsibilities the sports facility manager has. Bibliography lists 15 sources.

• LATRELL SPREWELL, P.J. CARLESIMO AND ETHICS IN SPORTS

  This 6-page paper discusses the ethics behind the choking incident of Carlesimo by Sprewell in 1997. Bibliography lists 6 sources.

• Contemporary British Sports and Feminist Theory

  An 8 page paper which relates feminist theory to sports, and how this reflects contemporary British society. Specifically considered is feminism in relation to sports, how leisure theory developed from a male perspective, and inequalities in terms of participation (between gender), income and employment, power, positions of management and administration. Bibliography lists 15 sources.

• The Commercialization of Sport

  This 6 page paper looks at the commercialization of sport in society. Positive and negative aspects are discussed. Bibliography lists 9 sources.

• Comparative Analysis of US and Japan Structuring of Youth Sports

  A 5 page essay comparing the structure of youth sports in Japan to the structure of youth sports in the United States, concentrating primarily on the schooling period that equates to middle- and early secondary school in the United States. Japanese students operate on a modified year-round school schedule and the school days are much longer than those of the U.S. In addition, more than half of the students of middle school age also attend private tutoring classes five and six nights each week, and three hours of homework daily from the public school is common. Japanese students have little time for sports activities of any kind, and the structures between the two countries are very different. Bibliography lists 4 sources.

• Economics and Baseball's Reserve Clause

  This 9 page paper discusses baseball's reserve clause and the impact it has had on the sport. Bibliography lists 4 sources.

• NFL and the Effects of Instant Replay

  A 14 page paper which examines the instant replay rules used by the NFL and the technology needed to implement it, criticism regarding its negative impact, where it needs to be improved and how this can be achieved, and considers whether instant replay is necessary and what its impact could mean for the future of the sport. Bibliography lists 11 sources.

• Adolescence and Football

  A 5 page paper which examines the impact of football as a sport on adolescent growth by considering what it teaches them in terms of education and life, and evaluates whether participation is healthy or damaging. Bibliography lists 7 sources.

• Australia and Tennis

  This 15 page paper looks at the sport and the characters who play it and watch it. Demographics are considered in this paper that looks at ethnicity, gender and class as it relates to tennis. The history of the popularity of tennis in Australia is discussed. Statistics are provided. Bibliography lists 6 sources.

• Changes to NASCAR Rules

  A 7 page research paper (includes 1 outline page) that explores the new rule changes that NASCAR instituted for the 2005 season. The writer explores the ramifications of these rules in regards to making NASCAR racing a more exciting competitive sport for the spectator. Bibliography lists 6 sources.

• National Football League and Player Compensation Issues

  This 5-page paper discusses compensation issues faced by the National Football League and other professional sports teams. Under discussion are topics including free agency, equity pay and salary caps. Bibliography lists 7 sources.

• Athletic Competitions and Allowing Anabolic Steroids

  This 7 page paper argues that while steroids may not be completely safe, they should be allowed in sports competitions. Ethical, medical and social considerations are discussed. Bibliography lists 8 sources.

• Business and Professional Athletes

  Pro Athletes’ Impact on Today’s Business World: This 9-page essay discusses professional NBA, NFL and MLB athletes and their impact on productivity and cost in today’s business world. In addition, elements relevant to data collection, cost variance, effective measures, and misplaced blame are examined. Where might the blame lie and can we reasonably expect a return to the exemplary attitudes of America’s sports figure/ role models of yesteryear? Bibliography lists 7 sources. SNAthlet.doc

• Overview of the NFL's Dallas Cowboys

  This 7 page report discusses the history if one of the best known and most flamboyant of all teams in the history of the National Football League -- The Dallas Cowboys. The team has been described as one of the great American sports dynasties and yet it has had to deal with countless criticisms for having such a distinction. They have been called the “Yankees of football,” “America’s team,” and always with a bit of tongue-in-cheek “God’s team.” Bibliography lists 8 sources.

• Private Team Sports Facilities and City Financing

  A 3 page consideration of the arguments regarding the appropriateness of using taxpayer money for the construction of facilities for private teams. The author argues that condemn this practice should consider both the direct and indirect benefits of sports to a city. Bibliography lists 1 source.

• Nationalism and Soccer

  This is a 20 page paper discussing soccer as a national identity as portrayed by soccer fans in different countries in addition to national pride and political perspectives. Soccer, referred to as football on an international basis, has become one of the most prominent symbols of nationalism within recent years. Whether soccer teams are representing local clubs, national clubs or are competing on an international stage, fans of the clubs are strictly devoted to their teams and identify with them on a national level. Sack and Seljan (2000) write that “a sport such as soccer provides opportunities for thousands of spectators to collectively affirm their commitments to beliefs, values, and myths than underlie their cultural identity”. In addition to the collective of fans at a soccer match, the presence of national flags, symbols, clothing and colors further unite (or divide in some cases) people who previously were strangers in a common bond of fraternity and national identity. Because of this powerful collective feel, it is not surprising then that often soccer matches and tournaments are used as political forums as well. Politically, soccer matches can be used to unite populations under a single cause or divide nations which may have historical differences. Nevertheless, soccer is overall a positive uniting force in a world in which people may often become isolated in their work or home environments. Soccer is the world’s most popular sport and countries all over the world have used soccer as a way to unite, promote, and celebrate their nationalism. Bibliography lists 13 sources.

• Management and Sports Marketing

  A 9 page paper that responds to specific student-generated questions regarding sports marketing management. Those topics include: an explanation of what sport marketing is; identifying fans; brand equity and management and how to enhance brand equity; using customer databases; niche marketing; and what service quality means. Examples are included throughout the paper. Bibliography lists 6 sources.

• Mathematics in Sports

  An 11 page explanation of how mathematics are indeed an important tool in sports. Not only does an understanding of mathematics empower players by enabling them to use their body in the most effective manner to achieve optimum performance, mathematics are also useful in a diversity of other areas that are relevant to sports. Bibliography lists 10 sources.

• Sports Fans and Their Importance

  A 4 page paper which examines how the sports fans are vital to the success of sports teams and often act as another player, urging teams on to win. Bibliography lists 3 sources.

• Globalism, Technology, Capitalism, and Sport

  A 6 page paper that focuses on LaFeber's book, Michael Jordan and the New Global Capitalism. The essay looks at how sport has become so commercial over the decades to become part of global capitalism with major corporations sponsoring sporting events in the 1960s. The writer comments on the interaction of technology, capitalism and sport. LaFeber uses the relationship between Jordan and Nike as an example. Bibliography lists 5 sources.

• Sports Psychologist's Role

  This 5 page paper considers the different roles that may be taken on by a sports psychologist, how they vary and the overall aims. The bibliography cites 5 sources.

• Young Golfer Training and Sports Psychology

  This 6 page report discusses the advice and training that a sports psychologist would address in helping a young golfer compete in the professional golfing world. The primary issues addressed are concentration, "the zone," and focus. Bibliography lists 4 sources.

• Sports Agents

  A 3 page paper. Sports agents have reputations similar to those of lawyers and for good reason. This essay reports the styles of three real sports agents and discuses the potential ethical issues involved as well as the behaviors that must be changed. Bibliography lists 4 sources.

• Contingency Leadership Model of Fred Fiedler

  A 7 page discussion of Fiedler’s contingency model of leadership, a model which postulates that leadership effectiveness is based on “situational contingency”, i.e. that in order to be most effective the situation had to be favorable to the leadership style being utilized. The author contests some writers’ interpretation that Fiedler is contending that the leader himself cannot change. This criticism is unjust in may respects. Fiedler’s model recognizes, of course, that not all situations will be favorable and either the situation or the leadership style must be changed in order to correspond with one another. Bibliography lists 6 sources.

• Russian Culture and Sports

  A 5 page paper which examines sports and the influence sports has on the culture of Russia. Bibliography lists 5 sources.

• Benjamin Rader/American Sports

  This 8 page paper examines Benjamin Rader's book American Sports. The book delves into history of sport in the United States. The paper focuses on the rise of sport as equated with the rise of cities. No additional sources cited.

• Sports Management Curriculum, Virtual Reality, and Traditional Simulation

  In three pages this paper examines the difference between traditional simulation and virtual reality and how each could be applied to a sport management curriculum. Seven sources are listed in the bibliography.

• Sports and the Connection to Crime

  This 5 page paper discusses some of the criminal issues that intersect with the sports world. Bibliography lists 7 sources.

• Female Participation in Basketball

  A 5 page overview of the importance of female participation in sports such as basketball and in the importance of this participation receiving an equal media coverage and emphasis as does male participation in sports. Correlates female participation in sports with lowered teen pregnancy, higher academic success, and less gang participation. Bibliography lists six sources.

• Why High School Competitive Sports are Desirable

  This 9 page paper examines high school sports and looks at both sides of the issue. Several arguments are noted including the idea that steroid abuse is rampant in high schools, that schools should focus solely on academics, and that high school sports celebrates community. Bibliography lists 8 sources.

• Racial Factors Within the Context of Sports

  This 10 page paper looks at race as a social construction but explores theories that suggest biological aspects play a part in sports. Both sides of the controversy are discussed. Various explanations are offered, inclusive of stereotyping. Bibliography lists 10 sources.

• Leisure and Sports in Victorian Age Great Britain

  A 9 page research paper investigating the development of leisure and sports activities among the working class in Britain towards the end of the Victorian era. Leisure activities had to meet very stringent ethical ideals by which the working class lives. Many games played in rural regions became national pastimes and most still exist today. Bibliography lists 6 sources.

• The Role of Goal Setting in Sports

  This 5 page sports psychology paper considers the role of goal setting in sports, and the way that goals should support and create motivation. The writer looks at the role of competitive goals and mastery goals and considers the common pitfalls which may be seen when goal setting is undertaken. The bibliography cites 8 sources.

• King of Sports Journalists/ Jim Murray

  A 3 page tribute to sports writer Jim Murray, whose column appears for 37 years in the LA Times. Bibliography lists 3 sources.

• Negative Aspects of Child Sports

  A 7 page paper the explores the negative aspects of youth sports, and includes consideration of the impacts of competativeness, parental expectations, and outside pressures on the children participating. Bibliography lists 10 sources.

• Does Aggression Help or Hinder Performance in Sports

  This 5 page paper provides an overview of three articles in the current literature regarding the issue of aggression in sports and considers the methodological, statistical and analytical components of these articles. Bibliography lists 3 sources.

• Sport and Roles in Management Practice

  This 13 page paper examines roles in sport management such as coaching and upper levels as well. The subject is discussed in general but specific examples are provided. The focus is on management and includes management theory. Bibliography lists 9 sources.

• Violence In Sports

  5 pages in length. The writer discusses various aspects of sports violence as it relates to the context of the game. Bibliography lists 5 sources.

• Pro Sports and Policies on Drugs

  In five pages this paper examines the existing drug policies in the National Basketball Association, Major League Baseball, and the National Football League and discusses how they can be improved. Eight sources are listed in the bibliography.

• Sports Public Relations Pros and Media Control

  This 9 page paper discusses how public relations people can control the media, particularly when the organization is facing a difficult problem. Bibliography lists 5 sources.

• Racism and Sports

  A 5 page paper which examines the existence of racism in the field of professional sports. The paper argues for the reality of racism’s existence. Bibliography lists 8 sources.

• This 2.5-page paper analyzes political correctness in sports and why it is a bad influence in the sporting world. There are 3 sources cited.

• Female Athletes and Their Obstacles

  This 10 page paper examines the various obstacles faced by female athletes, with particular emphasis on the relationship between physical fitness and self-esteem. Bibliography lists 10 sources.

• The Influence of Sport in the Context of Creating, Maintaining and Challenging Ethnic Identities and Stereotypes

  This 12 page paper discusses the role of sport and the way in which it may have the potential to support ethnic identities, especially for ethnic minorities, how it may help to challenge stereotypes and the ways in which it may support minorities. The role of sport is considered from a sociological perspective, examining how and why sport may impact on the wider social environment and discussing the ways in which it may influence values. A number of sporting examples are used to demonstrate the way it may help to change or influence social opinions and values. The bibliography cites 18 sources.

• Professional Sporting Venues and Public Funds

  This 10 page report discusses the fact that both individuals and city governments who are eager to have a professional sports franchise located in their city list numerous reasons why public dollars should be spent to entice a team to come to town or stay in town -- increased employment opportunities, greater revenue for the city, quality of life considerations for locals, and, of course, civic pride. But the question is whether or not tax dollars should be used to entice teams to locate in a city, build the arena necessary to house the team, or upgrade an arena or park because the team threatens to move elsewhere unless the city does so. In a sense, once the city gets its franchise it is held hostage by it. This paper looks at several sides of the issue. Bibliography lists 13 sources.

• The Relationship Between Sport And Politics

  3 pages in length. The writer briefly discusses, drugs, race and poverty as they relate to the political aspect of sport. Bibliography lists 4 sources.

• A Utilitarian Approach to Sports

  This 4 page paper is an essay about the application of the ethical theory of Utilitarianism and the Deterrence theory as applied by a student determined to win a place on the team and a basketball scholarship. Bibliography lists 2 sources.

• Women's Athletics and Equity

  A 4 page paper. Everyone knows who Babe Ruth was but far fewer people know who Babe Didrikson Zaharias. One reason for this discrepancy in notoriety is news coverage. Women's athletic and sports programs have not received the same level of funding or the same degree of publicity. This essay discusses these discrepancies, comments on Title IX and cites research that illustrates the benefits of sports programs and athletics for girls and women. Bibliography lists 5 sources.

• This 8-page paper analyzes the challenges of sports leaders and specifically details the 1999 NBA lockout involving Billy Hunter and David Stern. There are 5 sources cited.

• Becoming a Greater Sports Fan with Fantasy Sports

  In nine pages, this first-person narrative discusses why fantasy sports (specifically fantasy football) make participants better fans. Three sources are listed in the bibliography.

• Cheerleading and Sports Gender Constructs

  A paper which looks at gender constructs in sport, with specific reference to masculinities and femininities in football cheerleading squads. Bibliography lists 1 source

• College Sports and Gambling

  This 3 page paper offers an overview of gambling in regards to college sports. Furthermore, this paper explores some of the controversy which surrounds this topic. Bibliography lists 4 sources.

• Attention Control Theory

  This 3 page paper examines attention control theory. Bibliography lists 2 sources.

• Taxpayers and the Unnecessary Burden of a Professional Sports Stadium

  A 10 page contention that only a selective proportion of the American public is interested in or profits either economically or recreationally from sports stadiums. Presents various statistics and economic and philosophic arguments demonstrating the unfairness which is inherent in requiring the taxpayer to foot the bill for the construction of these stadiums. Bibliography lists 6 sources.

• The Common Sports Injury of a Sprained Ankle

  A 7 page research paper that discusses the common sports injury, lateral ankle sprain. The writer discusses its cause, treatments, rehabilitation and implications for future injury. Bibliography lists 5 sources.

• Concept of Worldwide Sports Federations

  This 7 page essay discusses the concept of international sports federations and the ways in which they have a distinctly economic impact on the world. The past few years have not been some of the best for the various international sports federations of the world in terms of their image and prestige. At the core of many of the issues is the one that governs so much of modern life -- economics. Bibliography lists 4 sources.

• Native American Images as Mascots

  A 3 page paper which examines the controversy around using the images of Native Americans for sports mascots. Bibliography lists 5 sources.

• Racial Issues in Sport

  This 5 page paper looks at a range of racial issues in sport. This includes discrimination against racial minorities through wages and positions played, the disparity of white ownership of sports teams, the movement towards increased equality, the present of racism in the media and the perceptions of the fans and the sport people. The bibliography cites 15 sources.

• Big Money and Big Sports

  An 8 page research paper that investigates the relationship between big sports and big money. Sports of any variety, high school, amateur, collegiate or professional, have obtained the cultural equivalent of religion among the majority of Americans. Presumably, athletic competition is about skill, endurance and the perseverance of the athlete. However, even a brief overview of sports shows that while these qualities are present in the background, sports today is all about the money. Sports economics are based on profit, which depends on winning and winning is frequently based on who has the most money. Bibliography lists 10 sources.

• Economics and Political Influences in Sport

  This 4 page paper is written in two parts, the first part of the paper looks at the contradictory economic position of the NFL team managers, who have to work as partners sharing revenue as well as competitors. The second part of the paper looks at the relationship between sports and government polices. The bibliography cites 4 sources.

• Organized Sports and the Increasing Trend of Violence

  A 20 page research paper that investigates the trend of increasing violence in organized sports. The writer argues that violence has become a factor intimately associated with sports at all organization levels, as well as on and off the field. The writer examines parental violence at the little league level, violence against officials, by players, spectators, and how coaches contribute to this problem. Bibliography lists 8 sources.

• Do Drugs, Get Banned Forever

  This 5 page paper examines steroid use in sports, and argues that athletes who use them should be banned for life. Bibliography lists 6 sources.

• Pro Sports and Imposing Age Limits

  In seventeen pages this paper analyzes the issue of imposing age limits in professional sports. Nine sources are listed in the bibliography.

• Why Violence IS So Prevalent In Sports

  3 pages in length. Because collegiate and professional athletes have been programmed from as early as Little League to believe they are better than others, this misguided sense of self metamorphoses into a inflated sense of entitlement whereby players believe they deserve preferential treatment apart from and without concern for anyone else who may affected by such an attitude. Bibliography lists 2 sources.

• SPORTS MARKETING PLAN FOR NORTH AMERICAN LACROSSE LEAGUE

  This 4-page paper discusses how the North American Lacrosse League can attract sponsors. Bibliography lists 4 sources.

• TV Viewer Types Types Of Television Viewers: Home Shopping Addicts, Diehard Sports Fans And Public Television Loyalists

  5 pages in length. Since television's entrance into mainstream society more than fifty years ago, certain formations have taken place with regard to content and personal preference. The last half-century has transformed television into a multifaceted entity where specific factions can focus upon their most beloved form of televised entertainment, information or opportunities. Three of these types of groups – home shopping addicts, diehard sports fans and public television loyalists – represent the tremendously diverse role that television has come to play in contemporary society. No bibliography.

• Social Divisions Reflected and Reinforced by Representation of the Mass Media

  This 6 page paper argues that the media emphasises the division that already exist within society. The paper begins by considering how sport itself is a reflection and also a source of social division, not only in terms of class but also in terms of age, gender and physical ability. The paper then looks at how and why the media reports and reinforces these divisions. The bibliography cites 10 sources.

• Sports Markets and Demand Forecasting

  This is a 5 page paper that provides an overview of demand forecasting. The declining interest in baseball provides an instructive example. Bibliography lists 4 sources.

• Sport and Leadership

  This 9 page paper investigates leadership and begins with a definition of leadership. The writer then reports and explains the three broad categories into which most leadership styles fall, trait theories, environmental theories and behavior theories. Transactional and transformational leadership is then described and explained. How charisma fits into the styles is discussed. The paper then turns to sport literature and describes cohesion and the need for role differentiation and interdependence. Bibliography lists 12 sources.

• Societal Role of Sports

  This 4 page paper examines the role of sports. Various aspects of sport is discussed including economic, physical and psychological ramifications. Attention to sports administration is included as well. Both positive and negative aspects are explored. Bibliography lists 2 sources.

• Sports Psychology in “Rocky”

  This 4 page paper summarizes the movie “Rocky” and the sports psychology that it shows. Bibliography lists 4 sources.

• 4 Journal Articles on Youth Sports

  This 3 page paper comments on four separate journal articles about youth sports. All articles, in one way or another, discusses the need for coaches to know about child development. Bibliography lists 4 sources.

• Legalizing Gambling on Sports

  This 3 page paper argues that sports betting should be kept legal in Nevada and legalized elsewhere. A comparison to other industries is provided. The argument focuses on the fact that gambling can contribute to the economy. Bibliography lists 3 sources.

• Gambling and Organized Sports

  This 10 page paper provides a history of gambling in organized sports and evaluates the trend. Concepts like point shaving are defined and discussed. Various real life examples over time are relayed. Suggestions for resolving the problem are included. Bibliography lists 8 sources.

• Comparing the Sporting Policies of John Major and Margaret Thatcher

  This 16 page paper considers the different sports policies that were seen under the Conservative government, contrasting the approach of John Major to that of Margaret Thatcher. The bibliography cites 20 sources.

• Slow-Pitch Softball Essay on Team Sports.

  In seven pages this first-person essay on slow-pitch softball is divided into three subtopics, which addresses the issues specified within each subtopic. There is no bibliography.

• Issues Associated with Sports Marketing

  An eight page paper which looks at several aspects of sports marketing, in terms of the potential consumer base, marketing strategies, the importance of market research and the way in which these factors affect both sport itself and sports-related products. Bibliography lists 6 sources

• Media Representation of Black Professional Athletes

  A 4 page paper which examines how black sports stars are presented in the media. Bibliography lists 4 sources.

• Teenage Gambling on College Sports

  A five page paper which looks at the widespread social problem of teenage gambling, particularly in relation to college sports, and considers the various ways the problem could be addressed in terms of public attitudes to gambling, legislation and the role of the NCAA in its management of young athletes’ interests. Bibliography lists 4 sources

• Sports and Cheating

  This 10 page paper examines a variety of sports including but not limited to the Olympics, professional baseball and bass fishing. Many types of cheating are discussed such as altering balls and bats to unfair judging practices. Bibliography lists 10 sources.

• Sports and Gender

  A 4 page paper which examines how and why men are more qualified for particular sports than women. No sources cited.

• Sports of the Future

  9 pages. The future of sports involves many things and can infer a myriad of subjects. This paper takes a look at the super athletes that we are beginning to see every year, what makes them that way, and how the future of sports is taking shape. The paper covers a variety of ideas. Bibliography lists 8 sources.

• Under-Representation of Minorities in Sports Leadership Positions

  This 3 page paper speculates on reasons why ethnic minorities are under-represented in sports leadership positions. Bibliography lists 3 sources.

• Fathers, Sons, and the Bonding Created by Sports

  16 pages in length. Fathers and sons share many experiences that help to fortify their relationship; however, there is perhaps no better bonding agent than the shared experience of sports. Indeed, fathers dream of the day they can teach their sons how to play catch, hit a softball or go long for a pass, which clearly illustrates the bonding powers inherent to sporting activities. For boys who may have tenuous associations with their fathers, the very act of engaging in some type of sports often has a cathartic effect upon the issue that stands between them, ultimately affording the father and son to bridge whatever gaps might exist between them. Sports is also an excellent way for boys to work off the growing trend towards childhood stress, while at the same time have fun and further solidify the bond with their fathers. As well, father/son sports activities are a great way to draw out an individual with an otherwise low self-image and help bolster a strong and healthy dose of self-esteem. Bibliography lists 13 sources.

• Faith, Good Sportsmanship, and Goodwill Promoted by Jewish Athletes

  A 12 page creative essay and informational paper which examines the efforts of exemplary athletes whose commitment to their faith and to the performance of good deeds have made the world a better place. Athletes discussed are Benny Friedman (football player, coach, and member of the NFL Hall of Fame), Barney Ross (boxer), Hank Greenberg, Sandy Koufax (baseball players and members of the MLB Hall of Fame), Bruce Fleisher (golfer), Paul Tagliabue (NFL Commissioner), Gary Bettman (NHL Commissioner), Tamir Goodman (basketball player), and Gal Fridman (windsurfer and Israel’s first Olympic gold medalist). Bibliography lists 18 sources.

• Parents should be banned from their children's sport activities

  This 3 page paper uses the case of Thomas Junta who beat a parent to death at a hockey game. While banning parents from children's games may appear ludicrous, it seems to be the best solution for the children. This paper explains why. Bibliography lists 1 source.

• Law and Gambling in Professional Sports

  In 20 pages this paper explains sports gambling as a legal issue, describes how it affects the world of sports, reviews and summarizes famous related legal cases (including MLB’s Pete Rose and the NBA’s Tim Donaghy, examines the current law, and suggests changes or modifications to strengthen the current law. Ten sources are listed in the bibliography.

• Sports Origin and Theories

  This 5 page paper provides an analysis of theories in respect to the history of sports. Class based theories are compared with theories which focus on practical issues. Bibliography lists 6 sources.

• Sports and Drugs

  This comprehensive 8 page paper considers the problem of dope testing in sports. The cheats are always ahead of testers and the fight is an ongoing one. This paper considers the fight, the role of the regulators such as the IAAF, the problems of strict liability, ethical consideration and problems with harmonisation of drug testing. The bibliography cites 14 sources.

• Ancient Rome and Sports

  A 6 page paper which examines the purpose of sports during the Roman Empire, specifically animal hunts, gladiator games, and chariot races. Bibliography lists 4 sources.

• Heroism and Sports

  10 pages in length. In the first half of the paper, the writer discusses the concept of sports heroes as it relates to symbolic interactionism, conflict theory and functionalism. The second half addresses the concerns of the sports hero image being a reflection of society. Bibliography lists 1 sources.

• Sports Coverage and the Media II

  In this well-reasoned 6 page essay, the writer discusses what the media's ethical responsibilities should be in covering sports-related issues & events and how these measure up with reality. It is argued that the media spends too much time influencing the opinions of fans while it should really be providing objective news. Ultimately, the media's poor coverage of sports helps ruin the private lives of athletes, creates dishonesty among players & coaches, and in the specific case of college sports,-- helps draw the spotlight away from education itself. Recommended ideas about what the media should be doing are presented. Bibliography lists 5 sources.

• Baseball as America's Favorite Sport

  5 pages in length. The question is both loaded and debatable; depending upon which side of the sporting fence one resides, the answer might just incite a full-fledged riot. Which game really is America's favorite sport? Given the recent turmoil in both football and baseball camps, not to mention the ongoing rivalry between the two sports to outdo each other for the top position, it might seem a difficult challenge to choose just one. In spite of these tribulations, however, one must look at more than just the most recent polls and examine the impact one sport in particular has historically had upon the nation as a whole: baseball. Bibliography lists 7 sources.

• How the Popular Game of Basketball Evolves as an International Sport

  In four pages this paper examines basketball from its origins (as envisioned by its creator Dr. James Naismith) until the present day, with a profile of popular Los Angeles Lakers shooting guard Kobe Bryant also included. Four sources are listed in the bibliography.

• U.S. Race Relations and Sports

  5 pages in length. The writer discusses Jackie Robinson, Muhammad Ali and Paul Robeson as they relate to the changing racial perspective in American sports. Bibliography lists 5 sources.

• Sports and Steroids

  A 5 page paper which examines the way the media portrays athletes and policies of steroid abusers in professional sports, providing specific examples of athletes (Jose Canseco, Mark McGwire, and Rafael Palmeiro) and the policies of the NFL, MLB, NBA, and the NHL. Bibliography lists 4 sources.

• Sports and Children

  This 5 page paper provides an evaluation of how children are taught about sports. Group identification and being a team player is valued over individual competitiveness. This paper argues that children are unfairly indoctrinated into a competitive sporting world. An annotated bibliography is included. Bibliography lists 3 sources.

• SPORTS EVENT AND THE BIDDING PROCESS

  This 11-page paper focuses on the bidding process for hallmark events such as the Olympic Games and World Cup Soccer. Bibliography lists 4 sources.

• Politics and Sports

  This 5 page paper suggests that sports and politics do not mix. At the same time, the paper contends that while politicians should try to avoid becoming entangled in sports, it is not easy to do. Bibliography lists 3 sources.

• Increasing Violence in Sports

  This 3 page paper discusses the issue of violence in sports, and whether it is increasing or is only perceived to be increasing. Bibliography lists 5 sources.

• Athletes and Drug Use

  10 pages in length. If one were to ascertain the reasons why many athletes use drugs, there are likely to be several answers that are equally as applicable, including the factor of winning at any costs, enhancing otherwise inadequate physical performance and the overwhelming pressure to succeed. With the understanding that such reasons inevitably fall under the headings of cheating and poor sportsmanship, it is still not enough of a deterrent for many athletes to overcome the temptation. Bibliography lists 5 sources.

• Women's Athletics, Success, and Motivation

  A 15 page research paper that examines this topic. While there are similarities between these elements for male and female athletes, it is also true that for women, there are obstacles to motivation and confidence that stem from social and cultural beliefs. Due to this fact, the writer first begins with an examination of historical background on women's sports, but then quickly proceeds to discussing current studies that address motivation and success. Topics also addressed include women in coaching and successful women athletes. Bibliography lists 14 sources.

• Community Sport Promotion Supported

  A 3 page campaign speech for an individual seeking a position from which s/he can develop community sport. The speaker reviews growing rates of obesity, diabetes and coronary artery disease as public health problems of the electronic age, and the problem of boredom and isolation that many teens and children deal with on a daily basis. Healthy people create healthy, vibrant, active and involved communities, which in turn positively affect the lives of all within them. While sport cannot be seen as a magic cure for all of the world’s ills, it certainly can provide a measure of health and happiness in the communities that value and support it. No source listed.

• Soccer and Sports Psychological Motivation

  This is a 7 page paper discussing motivation in sport with examples from soccer. Motivation in sport is unique in regards to the study of motivation in psychology as many factors which seem to motivate athletes to increase perceived competence and performance are not the same as those recorded in other studies outside of the sport environment. Researchers A.V. Carron and R.H. Cox have compiled collections of motivational models which can be applied within the sport setting. While much of the research can be applied to athletes who compete on an individual level, much of it has also been applied to the team environment. Several research studies in the area of junior soccer have revealed that expectations of others and perceived self-control are high motivators in relation to perceived competence and performance. While many factors such as intrinsic self-confidence are required for high anxiety level components of the game, such as penalty shots, several other components related to expectations of others such as audience support are more consistent indicators of motivation in the sport of soccer. Bibliography list 6 sources.

• Team Sports and Cohesion Importance

  This five page paper considers the role of cohesion in team sports. The writer looks at team cohesion in relation to its determinants and consequences. Included in the paper is a consideration of cohesion is needed in all team sports and how the motivation of the individuals will impact on the cohesion and how this will transfer into the team performance and results. The bibliography cites 7 sources.

• Citizenship and Sports Participation

  A 3 page essay that discusses the ways in which adolescents benefit from participation in sports. Bibliography lists 3 sources.

• Father and Son Bonding Through Sports

  A 5 page essay that examines Scott Russell Sanders' essay "Reasons of the Body," which discusses how he bonds with his son through sports, and also how sports, or even just the way he moves, also reminds him of his own father. In other words, Sanders sees the societal significance of sports in men's lives and this perspective is informative and intriguing. No additional sources cited.

• Injuries in Sports and Liability for College Campuses

  A 5 page paper which examines whether or not colleges should be liable for injuries that occur during student participation in athletics, with particular emphasis upon football. Bibliography lists 3 sources.

• Great Britain's Colonial Power Losses

  A 5 page paper discussing the phenomena of sports' and athletes' unethical and, often, immoral behavior both on the playing field and off. Bibliography lists four sources.

• HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE AND SPORTS

  This 5-page paper discuses human growth hormone (HGH) and its connection to athletics. Bibliography lists 3 sources.

• SCD and Athletics

  (10pp) Sudden deaths in athletes are usually caused by previously unsuspected cardiovascular disease. Such an event often assumes a high public profile because of the generally held perception that trained athletes are one of the healthiest segments of our society. The death of a well-known elite athlete often emphasizes this visibility. Athletic field catastrophes strike to the core of our sensibilities and often galvanize us. They also inevitably raise a number of practical and ethical issues. Bibliography lists 6 sources.

• Impact Of Instant Replay In College-Level Sports

  15 pages in length. An college-level sports official's job, while highly enviable, is also fraught with perpetual trepidation each time a play is called; whether in favor of the home team or visitors, a referee's call is considered as good as gospel when it comes to how the game will proceed from that point forward. Or at least that is how college-level sports have long been played up until recently when the advent of instant replay brought with it a hotly divided pool of fans, players, managers and owners who look at this offspring of technological advancement from opposing sides. Instant replay - which "allows questionable line calls to be overturned after they are reviewed on a video screen" (Block, 2006, p. 6) - may have the tendency to right the wrongs of erroneous calls made by officials, but it also has the presents a number of unfavorable considerations that pre-empt its more positive characteristics, not the least of which includes interpretation and fairness. Bibliography lists 13 sources.

• Economic Impacts of Sports Stadiums

  This 8 page paper looks at the potential economic impact that a new sports stadium may have on an area. The paper considers the way that stadiums have been used as tools to help regenerate areas and stimulate local economic development. Research is reviewed and discussed to asses whether stadiums can create a net economic benefit or are more likely to result in a loss. The discussion includes how and why the advantages and disadvantages occur. The bibliography cites 15 sources.

• U.S. and Japan Pro Sports

  A 5 page essay comparing the professional sports of Japan and the United States. Though almost every Japanese citizen follows their traditional sport of sumo wrestling, the growth of baseball in popularity and following in recent years has led even the Japanese to refer to it as the national sport. Nearly a mirror image of its American counterpart in administrative structure, it has allowed Japan to add another, unexpected, export: professional baseball players to U.S. teams. Bibliography lists 5 sources.

• Grievance Procedures in Sports

  This 9 page paper discusses the grievance procedures and other aspects of major league football, baseball and basketball. Bibliography lists 8 sources.

• American Youth Soccer Association's Financial Position

  An 8 page paper assessing the funding and overall financial position of the American Youth Soccer Organization (AYSO). It is the organization that operates outside of and independently from public school systems throughout the country, and is the organization through which community soccer leagues are formed and operate. The paper assesses AYSO’s financial accountability at all levels, concluding that it could benefit from greater transparency in its overall business results. Bibliography lists 5 sources.

• Examination Of Alcohol And Sports

  5 pages in length. The writer discusses the history and impact of the relationship between sports and alcohol. Bibliography lists 6 sources.

• Women and Hamstring Injuries

  A 6 page paper discussing this too-common injury. As more women become involved in competitive sports involving sprinting, they also suffer a higher percentage of hamstring injury. Soccer players are highly susceptible to hamstring injury because of the nature of the movements required in the sport, but any sport involving sprinting can be suspect. The purpose here is to review what hamstring injury is, how it is treated and special implications for women athletes. Bibliography lists 10 sources.

• Sport of Horse Show Jumping Overview

  A 3 page research paper that offers a brief overview of the sport of horse show jumping. The writer discusses the nature of the sport, its history and predicts increased popularity in its future. Bibliography lists 3 sources.

• Soccer, Culture and Identity

  This 4 page paper looks at the way in which individual and group culture and self perception may be impacted as a result of sport, specifically the practice of soccer. The paper includes discussion on the way that the practice of the sport may be seen as a reflection as well as an influence on identity and self perception. The bibliography cites 2 sources.

• Athletic Performance and Ritualistic Behavior

  An 8 page assessment of the effectiveness of ritualistic behavior in improving athletic performance. The author emphasizes that in the modern world of sports psychology ritualistic behavior is not longer limited to superstition like carrying a lucky charm to improve athletic performance. Sports psychologist now encourage the use of such rituals as visualization to accomplish this goal. While there are obvious limitations of ritualistic behavior in effecting an improved athletic performance, there are numerous studies demonstrating its usefulness. Bibliography lists 7 sources.

• TV, Major League Baseball, and Economics

  This 5 page report discusses how television has affected Major League Baseball and the economics of the relationship between television and the game. Television has undeniably changed the character and promotion of sports stars in all games. While many television and sports analysts claim that baseball and television are not a profitable mix, the fact remains that television revenues for baseball broadcasts are extremely significant. Bibliography lists 7 sources.

• Consideration of Basketball at College and Professional Levels

  A 7 page paper which assesses the continuing sports debate as to which sport is superior, the NCAA or the NBA. Bibliography lists 4 sources.

• Sport of Kickboxing

  This 4 page paper examines the sport of kickboxing. Positive and negative aspects of this sport and exercise regimen are discussed. Bibliography lists 2 sources.

• Campaign to Increase Sporting Activity for Single Mothers

  Using the Sport England consumer segments, this 3 page paper selects a segment and designs a campaign to increase the take up of a sport. The paper presents a campaign to encourage stretched single mums to take up or increase swimming. The approach is designed to appeal to this target market with specific attention to the motivations, barriers and general characteristics of this segment. The bibliography cites 3 sources.

• NCAA Eligibility Requirements and Learning Disabilities

  This 8 page paper provides an overview of the central issues and legal problems surrounding the attempts by a learning disabled student athlete to pursue participation in NCAA sports. This paper considers the eligibility requirements for NCAA sports and how these requirements can be challenged by the Americans with Disabilities Act. Bibliography lists 5 sources.

• Wage Disputes, Collective Bargaining and the 1994 MLB Strike

  This 4 page report discusses the strike that took place in Major League Baseball in the 1994-95 season. Collective bargaining in professional sports is a relatively new concept. It has only been a factor in professional team sports for approximately the last thirty years. Bibliography lists 8 sources.

• Drugs That Enhance Athletic Performance

  This 7 page paper examines performance enhancing drugs in professional and high school sports, as well as sports in general. Some solutions are discussed. Bibliography lists 6 sources.

• Australia's Recreation and Leisure

  An 8 page paper that discusses sport, leisure and recreation in Australia and the reasons the government has promoted these activities. Australia has been called the "Land of the Long Weekend" because of its natural beauty and its emphasis on sport and recreation activities. The essay reports some of the many government agencies involved in promoting sport and recreation. The writer comments on why the Australian government placed an emphasis on leisure and recreation after the Second World War and how this emphasis has changed over the decades. Bibliography lists 9 sources.

• Canada and Hockey's Culture of Violence

  This is a 6 page paper discussing the culture of hockey in Canada despite its violent aspects. Canadians are introduced into the world of hockey at a very young age. Young players are drafted into the Canadian National Hockey League during their mid-teens and leave their homes to be billeted across the country in the hopes that they will one day be drafted further into the professional level National Hockey League. Although violence in the game has been studied back three decades, Canadians and players seem to accept violence as a natural part of the game. Violence has been shown to increase depending on the level of play and the “winning at all costs” attitude which has been accepted as the priority. Recent studies have unveiled some violent aspects of the sport which have occurred not only on the ice but also off the ice between the coaches and the players. Despite the level of violence throughout the sport however, Canadians continue to embrace the sport within their own culture which has attained levels of mythical proportions. Bibliography lists 6 sources.

• The New York City Marathon

  A 4 page book review on Anything For A T-shirt by Ron Rubin, which chronicles the saga of The New York City Marathon and the innovative impresario who made this annual street theater/sporting event possible. Rubin explains how the annual event is much more than simply a sporting event, as it brings together the diverse peoples who make New York City their home in a way that not only creates a sense of community, but is also personally empowering to the individual participants. In addition to describing the marathon itself, Rubin's book is also very much a biography of an extraordinary man, the man who brought the world The New York City Marathon, Fred Lebow. No additional sources cited.

• Poverty and the Escape Offered by Boxing

  5 pages in length. For many blacks and Hispanics, the opportunities to escape poverty are few and far between; typically held back by social and cultural determinism, these populations often struggle just to get by, much less have the chance to better their situations. Some, however, have found a way to break free by utilizing sports as their tutor, learning about themselves and the world around them by way of mental discipline and physical strength & stamina. Boxing represents one of the most sought-after activities for those trying to seek a better life through sports, especially if the individual's educational background does not provide for more academic-related opportunities. Bibliography lists 6 sources.

• Hurdles Faced by Female Athletes Over Forty

  6 pages in length. Directly correlated with the extent to which women over forty choose to participate in swimming is how active they were in this or other sports throughout their lives; one who has engaged in swimming or some other physical activity either consistently or in phases is much more likely to undertake swimming after forty than one who has had little experience with that or any other sport. The writer discusses other issues pertaining to female swimmers over 40 including gender limitations, discrimination and mass media agenda setting. Bibliography lists 10 sources.

• Leadership as Interpreted by Vince Lombardi

  6 pages in length. Revered as one of the most influential sports leaders of all time, Vince Lombardi Jr. understood what it required to be number one, whether that meant on the football field or in life. Having completely turned around one of the worst teams in football – the Green Bay Packers – into a juggernaut that ultimately earned a combined five NFL and Super Bowl titles, Lombardi implemented an entirely new approach to the aspect of winning. His credo of self-knowledge, character and integrity helped to formulate a method of leadership that has transcended the sports world to be fully embraced by every nuance of organizational existence. Bibliography lists 4 sources.

• Fracture Healing and the Impacts of Smoking and Alcoholism

  6 pages in length. Fracture injuries are difficult enough to heal without the negative influence that smoking and alcohol place upon the process. Such injuries, quite often related to sports activities and old age, depend upon a healthy, unadulterated physical state as a means by which to properly mend; when intruded upon by tobacco and alcohol, the entire healing process becomes somewhat compromised. Bibliography lists 15 sources.

• Why Teams Win: 9 Keys to Success in Business, Sport, and Beyond by Saul Miller

  A 5 page book report on Why Teams Win: 9 Keys to Success in Business, Sport, and Beyond by Dr. Saul Miller. No additional sources cited.

• H.G. Bissinger's Friday Night Lights A Town, a Team, a Dream

  A 5 page discussion of the underlying philosophy of win-win at any costs which author Bissinger exposes has resulted in significant social problems in Odessa Texas, the home of the Permian Panthers. At the same time, however, this philosophy is not unique to Odessa. It permeates high school sports across the nation and has the potential for phenomenal societal costs. No additional sources are listed.

• Undue Attention Paid to Cricket in India

  This 5 page paper examines the "cricket craze" in India and argues that the attention being paid to the sport is damaging to the economy; even worse, it costs lives. Bibliography lists 5 sources.

• Successful Women's Soccer in the US

  13 pages in length. The twenty-first century has witnessed myriad changes to the sport of soccer, not the least of which has been the addition of women's teams. Amidst the struggle and strife rose a special strength that helped propel soccer to the heights it has reached in contemporary global athletics; with the entire world rallying around this original form of football, the World Cup has taken on an entirely new look by adding women to its long and illustrious history. Bibliography lists 16 sources.

• Does the NFL Encourage and Condone Drug Use?

  In four pages this paper argues that the NFL has shamefully encouraged and condoned drug use among its players, comparing its lax policy with other professional sports’ policies. Eight sources are listed in the bibliography.

• Sports, Crime, Drugs And Gambling

  Gambling, Counterfeiting, Terrorism And Wrestling : 5 pages in length. The writer briefly discusses the aforementioned topics as they relate to sports, crime and drugs. Bibliography lists 2 sources.

• Golf and Nike

  This paper discusses the apparel manufacturing giant Nike and how its branding and use of celebrity sports figures has helped it become a popular worldwide brand. In addition, the paper examines how Nike is breaking into the area of golf apparel and equipment. Bibliography lists 5 sources.

• Baseball History: The 1919 White Sox Fix

  This 3 page paper focuses on the infamous 1919 incident where the White Sox threw the game and eight players were banned from the sport. This scandal involves a variety of stakeholders, inclusive of the players, the fans, the team owners, the gamblers, and the coaches. Stakeholders, their roles, and how they are aligned with the integrity of the game are issues discussed. Bibliography lists 3 sources.

• Paying College Athletes is the Right Thing to Do

  This 5 page paper argues that it is unfair for college athletes to work as hard as they do and not be paid for playing their sport. Bibliography lists 5 sources.

• Soccer and Economics

  This 8-page paper uses economic demand theory to explain marketing and other procedures for promoting a soccer team to fans. Also touched on is the economics of sports in general. Bibliography lists 7 sources.

• Andrew Zimbalist's Unpaid Professionals

  A 6 page summary and analysis of Andrew Zimbalist’s book “Unpaid Professionals: Commercialism and Conflict in Big-Time College Sports.” Bibliography lists 1 additional source.

• Baseball Players, Training Programs, and Balance of Energy Systems

  An eight page paper which looks at the specific requirements of baseball with regard to the training and fitness programmes undergone by athletes and the way in which the management and balance of energy systems for baseball players is different from that of athletes who participate in other sports. Bibliography lists 6 sources

• Volleyball Officiating, Coaching, Nonverbal Communication and Nuances

  This 10 page report discusses the ways in which nonverbal communication serves as an essential aspect of both coaching and officiating the sport of volleyball. The most effective and “proper” techniques and responsibilities of a line judge for the fast-paced game of volleyball involve specific signals, movements, and cues that allow officials to understand what is happening at different areas of the court, whether or not their own line of sight is impaired. The same concept holds true for the coaches of competing teams. Bibliography lists 15 sources.

• National Football League and the Effects of Instant Replay Technology

  This 10 page paper examines the impact that the Instant Replay technology has had on the sport of professional football. Bibliography lists 10 sources.

• Athletes and College Athletics in Division I

  A 12 page paper which examines how college athletes are expected to devote a large portion of their collegiate life to sports, and considers whether or not they should be benefiting from all the money that is being made by the industry. Bibliography lists 8 sources.

• Singapore Marketing of the UK Football Club Manchester United

  This 35 page paper examines the United Kingdom football club Manchester United and how it is marketed in Singapore. The club has successfully made the transition from sports club to commercial entertainment whilst retaining credibility and increasing profit. The key to this success has been strategic marketing and differentiation and the use of alliances and sponsorship as well as brand extensions. This paper considers how this has been achieved and examined the underlying theory of marketing in this type of environment. The bibliography cites 26 sources.

• Learning to Focus in Sports and Other Life Pursuits

  This 9 page paper reviews the book by Timothy Gallwey and reiterates the importance of our mental processes in sports and other activities. No additional sources are listed.

• A Comparison of Boxing and Ultimate Fighting

  This 3 page paper compares and contrasts these two controversial sports. Research is provided to support the assumptions. Bibliography lists 2 sources.

• BMX Racing

  This 7 page paper provides a historical account of BMX racing as well as providing a description of the sport. A comparison to mountain biking is also included. Bibliography lists 7 sources.

• Children, Stress Fractures, and Tennis

  A 4 page research paper that discusses the risk of repetitive stress fractures in children, with a focus on playing tennis. The writer discusses stress fractures, stress fractures as they occur in tennis, and coaching philosophy to ensure that the sport is safe for children's participation. Bibliography lists 6 sources.

• Boxers and Boxing in the Films When We Were Kings and Raging Bull

  This 6 page report discusses and compares Martin Scorcese’s 1980 portrayal of Jake La Motta in “Raging Bull” with “When We Were Kings” (1996), an Oscar-winning documentary that tells the story of what was known in 1974 as the “Rumble in the Jungle.” It was a fight that pitted two of the greatest boxers the world has ever seen against one another -- Muhammad Ali and George Foreman. The report addresses what each film has to say about both the sport of boxing and the actual boxers. Bibliography lists 8 sources.

• NCAA Eligibility Requirements and Learning Disabilities

  This 8 page paper provides an overview of the central issues and legal problems surrounding the attempts by a learning disabled student athlete to pursue participation in NCAA sports. This paper considers the eligibility requirements for NCAA sports and how these requirements can be challenged by the Americans with Disabilities Act. Bibliography lists 5 sources.

• The Game of Football

  A 3 page paper which examines the process of playing football. Bibliography lists 1 source.

• Injuries in Sports and Liability for College Campuses

  A 5 page paper which examines whether or not colleges should be liable for injuries that occur during student participation in athletics, with particular emphasis upon football. Bibliography lists 3 sources.

• The Problems of Football Clubs and How to Increase Revenues Through Ticket Sales; A Research Proposal

  This 12 page paper looks at the problem faced by many football clubs; the need to increase revenue. The paper outlines a proposal to investigate the way football clubs may be able to enhance revenue through ticket sales. The introduction, problem statement and research objectives and literature review are presented before a research methodology is proposed. The bibliography cites 12 sources.

• Transformational Leadership Example of U.S. Hockey Coach Herb Brooks

  This 4 page report discusses Herb Brooks, who was the coach of the U.S. Olympics hockey team and the “architect” of the “miracle on ice” at the 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid, New York. That miracle was the triumph of a relatively inexperienced (at least in terms of the “big leagues”) group of college hockey players who took on the mighty hockey team of the Soviet Union . . . and won. Bibliography lists 6 sources.

• Comparative Analysis of Soccer and Football

  This 10 page paper examines American football and English football, also known as soccer. After looking at how each of the games are played there is a comparison of the differences and similarities, with an interpretation of how these may reflect and influence the cultures in which they take place. The bibliography cites 8 sources.

• Sports and Cheating

  This 10 page paper examines a variety of sports including but not limited to the Olympics, professional baseball and bass fishing. Many types of cheating are discussed such as altering balls and bats to unfair judging practices. Bibliography lists 10 sources.

• Canada and Hockey's Culture of Violence

  This is a 6 page paper discussing the culture of hockey in Canada despite its violent aspects. Canadians are introduced into the world of hockey at a very young age. Young players are drafted into the Canadian National Hockey League during their mid-teens and leave their homes to be billeted across the country in the hopes that they will one day be drafted further into the professional level National Hockey League. Although violence in the game has been studied back three decades, Canadians and players seem to accept violence as a natural part of the game. Violence has been shown to increase depending on the level of play and the “winning at all costs” attitude which has been accepted as the priority. Recent studies have unveiled some violent aspects of the sport which have occurred not only on the ice but also off the ice between the coaches and the players. Despite the level of violence throughout the sport however, Canadians continue to embrace the sport within their own culture which has attained levels of mythical proportions. Bibliography lists 6 sources.

• Hockey, Helmets, and Efficiency

  A 6 page paper which examines the case where hockey players would not wear helmets because it was not mandatory. The paper then examines the importance of rulings such as wearing helmets in order to ensure efficiency in an endeavor. Bibliography lists 2 sources.

• Hockey and Canadian Identity

  This 5 page paper examines how Canadian culture is tied to ice hockey. Bibliography lists 10 sources.

• Benjamin Rader/American Sports

  This 8 page paper examines Benjamin Rader's book American Sports. The book delves into history of sport in the United States. The paper focuses on the rise of sport as equated with the rise of cities. No additional sources cited.

• Racial Issues in Sport

  This 5 page paper looks at a range of racial issues in sport. This includes discrimination against racial minorities through wages and positions played, the disparity of white ownership of sports teams, the movement towards increased equality, the present of racism in the media and the perceptions of the fans and the sport people. The bibliography cites 15 sources.

• Economics and Political Influences in Sport

  This 4 page paper is written in two parts, the first part of the paper looks at the contradictory economic position of the NFL team managers, who have to work as partners sharing revenue as well as competitors. The second part of the paper looks at the relationship between sports and government polices. The bibliography cites 4 sources.

• The Role of Goal Setting in Sports

  This 5 page sports psychology paper considers the role of goal setting in sports, and the way that goals should support and create motivation. The writer looks at the role of competitive goals and mastery goals and considers the common pitfalls which may be seen when goal setting is undertaken. The bibliography cites 8 sources.

• Young Golfer Training and Sports Psychology

  This 6 page report discusses the advice and training that a sports psychologist would address in helping a young golfer compete in the professional golfing world. The primary issues addressed are concentration, "the zone," and focus. Bibliography lists 4 sources.

• Sports Psychology in “Rocky”

  This 4 page paper summarizes the movie “Rocky” and the sports psychology that it shows. Bibliography lists 4 sources.

• Economic Impacts of Sports Stadiums

  This 8 page paper looks at the potential economic impact that a new sports stadium may have on an area. The paper considers the way that stadiums have been used as tools to help regenerate areas and stimulate local economic development. Research is reviewed and discussed to asses whether stadiums can create a net economic benefit or are more likely to result in a loss. The discussion includes how and why the advantages and disadvantages occur. The bibliography cites 15 sources.

• Bowling's Kinesiology

  A 5 page paper that provides an overview of the kinesiology of bowling, including a look at the sagittal view, extension, flexing, eccentric and concentric movements, and the relationship between the bones and muscles during the game. Bibliography lists 10 sources.

• Paying College Athletes and the Ongoing Debate

  This 6 page paper provides both side of the argument but concludes that college athletes should not be paid. Three precise reasons on each side of the debate are provided. Bibliography lists 5 sources.

• Athletes and College Athletics in Division I

  A 12 page paper which examines how college athletes are expected to devote a large portion of their collegiate life to sports, and considers whether or not they should be benefiting from all the money that is being made by the industry. Bibliography lists 8 sources.

• Paying College Athletes is the Right Thing to Do

  This 5 page paper argues that it is unfair for college athletes to work as hard as they do and not be paid for playing their sport. Bibliography lists 5 sources.

• Sports Markets and Demand Forecasting

  This is a 5 page paper that provides an overview of demand forecasting. The declining interest in baseball provides an instructive example. Bibliography lists 4 sources.

• Nationalism and Soccer

  This is a 20 page paper discussing soccer as a national identity as portrayed by soccer fans in different countries in addition to national pride and political perspectives. Soccer, referred to as football on an international basis, has become one of the most prominent symbols of nationalism within recent years. Whether soccer teams are representing local clubs, national clubs or are competing on an international stage, fans of the clubs are strictly devoted to their teams and identify with them on a national level. Sack and Seljan (2000) write that “a sport such as soccer provides opportunities for thousands of spectators to collectively affirm their commitments to beliefs, values, and myths than underlie their cultural identity”. In addition to the collective of fans at a soccer match, the presence of national flags, symbols, clothing and colors further unite (or divide in some cases) people who previously were strangers in a common bond of fraternity and national identity. Because of this powerful collective feel, it is not surprising then that often soccer matches and tournaments are used as political forums as well. Politically, soccer matches can be used to unite populations under a single cause or divide nations which may have historical differences. Nevertheless, soccer is overall a positive uniting force in a world in which people may often become isolated in their work or home environments. Soccer is the world’s most popular sport and countries all over the world have used soccer as a way to unite, promote, and celebrate their nationalism. Bibliography lists 13 sources.

• Successful Women's Soccer in the US

  13 pages in length. The twenty-first century has witnessed myriad changes to the sport of soccer, not the least of which has been the addition of women's teams. Amidst the struggle and strife rose a special strength that helped propel soccer to the heights it has reached in contemporary global athletics; with the entire world rallying around this original form of football, the World Cup has taken on an entirely new look by adding women to its long and illustrious history. Bibliography lists 16 sources.

• Soccer and Baseball in Latin America

  A 17 page paper which examines the history and importance of soccer and baseball in Latin America. The paper also focuses on how important soccer is in Brazil and how important baseball is in Central America. Bibliography lists 6 sources.

• The Components of a Soccer Kick

  A 13 page paper discussing the components of a soccer kick. Running and kicking are the two primary activities that individual players must master in the game of soccer. Each has been studied extensively in terms of biomechanics, and each has application in other sports. The purpose here is to provide a qualitative biomechanical analysis of the soccer kick in terms of force, velocity, acceleration, angular velocity, moment of inertia and angle of release. Includes 4 diagrams. Bibliography lists 7 sources.

• Baseball's Color Barrier and Jackie Robinson

  A 4 page biography/report on the life and accomplishments of Jackie Robinson-- the American baseball player known for 'breaking the color barrier' and becoming the first Black player to gain widespread acceptance playing for a Major League team. Bibliography lists 5 sources.

• Critical Review of Jules Tygiel’s Baseball’s Great Experiment: Jackie Robinson and His Legacy

  In three pages this paper discusses the text’s theme, author’s main argument and how he approaches the subject matter such as his source documentation, intended audience, and personal assessment of the author’s position. Five sources are cited in the bibliography.

• Aluminum Baseball Bats and Marketing Challenges

  This 7 page report discusses the controversy regarding aluminum versus wood in baseball bats and decreasing the maximum allowable diameter - increasing the weight of the bat . . . who knew there could be so many issues related to baseball bats!? And who knew these issues could be the basis for lawsuits, heated debate, and endless discussion in the sports magazines and between baseball “analysts.” As a result, marketers face enormous challenges but they also have remarkable opportunities. Bibliography lists 7 sources.

• Great Baseball Batting Legend Ted Williams

  This 15 page paper describes the life and times of one of the greatest batters, Ted Williams, who played for the Boston Red Sox during the 1940s and 1950s. Bibliography lists 6 sources.

• Human Relationships and Baseball

  An 9 page paper. In any organization, human relationships are formed and developed. These relationships may only exist at the workplace or some may carry them into their own personal lives. The same is true with sports teams. There are numerous relationships developed with baseball teams. This paper discusses the types of relationships that are formed between: owners and players, fans and players, coaches and players, and between and among teammates. The nature of these relationships and the effects of them are discussed. Two types of team cohesion are explained. Bibliography lists 7 sources.

• The Baseball 'Business' from a Sociological Perspective

  This 6 page paper looks at the economics of baseball and how high salaries play into the overall concept of capitalism. Theories of Marx, Durkheim and Weber are used in the analysis. Bibliography lists 4 sources.

• Steroid Abuse in Major League Baseball

  In five pages this paper examines whether or not steroid abuse has tainted the professional baseball in a consideration of if there should be random drug testing, whether or not player records should be upheld if convicted of steroid use, whether there should be a ‘one strike rule,’ and if this steroid abuse by the pros has tainted baseball’s image at high school and college levels. Ten sources are cited in the bibliography.

• The History of Basketball

  A 5 page paper on the history of basketball. Bibliography lists 7 sources.

• How the Popular Game of Basketball Evolves as an International Sport

  In four pages this paper examines basketball from its origins (as envisioned by its creator Dr. James Naismith) until the present day, with a profile of popular Los Angeles Lakers shooting guard Kobe Bryant also included. Four sources are listed in the bibliography.

• Athletic Competitions and Allowing Anabolic Steroids

  This 7 page paper argues that while steroids may not be completely safe, they should be allowed in sports competitions. Ethical, medical and social considerations are discussed. Bibliography lists 8 sources.

• Detrimental Impact of Performance Enhancing Anabolic Steroids

  This 5 page paper examines the different risk involved for athletes who chose to take anabolic steroids. The physical and psychological side effects of women, men and children who take these drugs are all discussed. The bibliography cites 9 academic sources.

• Big Money and Big Sports

  An 8 page research paper that investigates the relationship between big sports and big money. Sports of any variety, high school, amateur, collegiate or professional, have obtained the cultural equivalent of religion among the majority of Americans. Presumably, athletic competition is about skill, endurance and the perseverance of the athlete. However, even a brief overview of sports shows that while these qualities are present in the background, sports today is all about the money. Sports economics are based on profit, which depends on winning and winning is frequently based on who has the most money. Bibliography lists 10 sources.

• Running Shoes and How to Make a Comfortable Selection

  In three pages this paper provides instructions on how to select running shoes. Three sources are listed in the bibliography.

• China and Internet Negotiations for the 2008 Olympics

  A 3 page look at China’s negotiations for limited Internet during the 2008 Olympics. Bibliography lists 3 sources.

• Lance Armstrong and the notion 'Its Not About the Bike'

  A 5 page discussion about Lance Armstrong's account of his fight against cancer. This paper provides several quotes from Armstrong's book as well as a detailed review of the physiological changes that come about with cancer. Bibliography lists sources.

• Mathematics in Sports

  An 11 page explanation of how mathematics are indeed an important tool in sports. Not only does an understanding of mathematics empower players by enabling them to use their body in the most effective manner to achieve optimum performance, mathematics are also useful in a diversity of other areas that are relevant to sports. Bibliography lists 10 sources.

• New York and Hosting the 2012 Summer Olympics

  This 10 page paper begins with the selection of New York City as the United States' contender to host these Games. It discusses the type of presentation made by the New York committee and reports comments suggesting the vote was driven by sympathy rather than by other factors. The writer presents arguments for and against New York hosting the Games and reports on committees of residents who oppose the Games being held in New York City. The different venues that will be constructed such as the Olympic Village and a new stadium are described as is a proposed new ferry system to transport athletes. The costs of the construction is also presented. Some of the many concerns of citizens are described. Bibliography lists 12 sources.

• The New York City Marathon

  A 4 page book review on Anything For A T-shirt by Ron Rubin, which chronicles the saga of The New York City Marathon and the innovative impresario who made this annual street theater/sporting event possible. Rubin explains how the annual event is much more than simply a sporting event, as it brings together the diverse peoples who make New York City their home in a way that not only creates a sense of community, but is also personally empowering to the individual participants. In addition to describing the marathon itself, Rubin's book is also very much a biography of an extraordinary man, the man who brought the world The New York City Marathon, Fred Lebow. No additional sources cited.

• Fathers, Sons, and the Bonding Created by Sports

  16 pages in length. Fathers and sons share many experiences that help to fortify their relationship; however, there is perhaps no better bonding agent than the shared experience of sports. Indeed, fathers dream of the day they can teach their sons how to play catch, hit a softball or go long for a pass, which clearly illustrates the bonding powers inherent to sporting activities. For boys who may have tenuous associations with their fathers, the very act of engaging in some type of sports often has a cathartic effect upon the issue that stands between them, ultimately affording the father and son to bridge whatever gaps might exist between them. Sports is also an excellent way for boys to work off the growing trend towards childhood stress, while at the same time have fun and further solidify the bond with their fathers. As well, father/son sports activities are a great way to draw out an individual with an otherwise low self-image and help bolster a strong and healthy dose of self-esteem. Bibliography lists 13 sources.

• Basketball and Physics

  This 5 page paper provides an overview of the physics of basketball. Both the physics of bouncing the ball as well as shooting hoops are discussed. The advantage of the underhand throw is emphasized. Bibliography lists 4 sources.

• Drugs That Enhance Athletic Performance

  This 7 page paper examines performance enhancing drugs in professional and high school sports, as well as sports in general. Some solutions are discussed. Bibliography lists 6 sources.

• High School Athletes and Drug Testing That is Mandatory

  A 9 page paper arguing that mandatory drug testing should be enforced and implemented. While it may seem as though this is an issue which consists of an invasion of personal issues, in light of today’s competitive world, there are many instances where drug use is a serious concern in high school athletics, harming those that are not involved with drug enhancers. Unfortunately we live in a world where we cannot rely on the integrity of individuals and their own inherent desire to achieve and succeed on their own resources. While the issue of drug testing may involve the use of mind-altering, illegal drugs, the main focus is on that of the use of drugs such as steroids used for enhancing performance in sports. Bibliography lists 6 sources.

• Performance Enhancing Drugs and Their Alteration of the Baseball Playing Field

  In seven pages this paper analyzes the use of performance enhancing drugs in baseball and how they have forever changed the way the game is played. Seven sources are listed in the bibliography.

• Dogs And Physical Therapy: How An Injured Athlete Can Benefit From A Trained Pit Bull

  10 pages in length. The notion of animal-assisted therapy is hardly a new idea, inasmuch as it has become an instrumental component of both the physical and emotional well being throughout the health care industry. From nursing homes to hospitals to physical rehabilitation, animals have proven at least just as - if not more - effective at helping individuals regain use of their bodies and create happiness in their minds. What is a relatively new and untapped aspect of animal-assisted therapy, however, is certifying pit bull terriers as trained "therapists," a practice that has proven particularly beneficial in relation to sports injury rehabilitation such as a torn anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). Bibliography lists 8 sources.

• The Korean Influence in Baseball

  4 pages in length. Baseball, America's hometown sport, has experienced a metamorphosis of cultural infusion since the early 1980s when a very large, very talented Mexican by the name of Fernando Valenzuela joined up as a pitcher with the Los Angeles Dodgers. After shutting out the Houston Astros in his first major league game, the country was swept with "Fernandomania," a grand reception for a foreign-born baseball player who single-handedly opened the door for all other international players to follow. Korean Pitcher Chan Ho Park, like his predecessor two decades before, also signed with the Dodgers but without benefit of any past professional experience. This critical detail did not impose upon Parks' ability to make a tremendous impression on the owners and the crowd alike, inasmuch as he inevitably made his first appearance on the season's opening day, 1994, a distinction that also cast him as major league's first Korean player. Bibliography lists 4 sources.

• Stadium Security and Honeywell

  A 3 page paper discussing the need for increased stadium security and the capabilities of the Honeywell Stadium Security System. The system includes provision for fire detection, security and close-circuit television, as well as for public address voice alarm and a system for the hearing impaired. It also provides communications capabilities. Expensive at $3.9 million, it may be able to save the stadium through reduced personnel need, tighter security and lower insurance premiums. Bibliography lists 3 sources.

• Sports and Steroids

  A 5 page paper which examines the way the media portrays athletes and policies of steroid abusers in professional sports, providing specific examples of athletes (Jose Canseco, Mark McGwire, and Rafael Palmeiro) and the policies of the NFL, MLB, NBA, and the NHL. Bibliography lists 4 sources.

• Sports Fans and Advanced Sports Technology's Negative Effects

  8 pages in length. The writer discusses how advanced sports technology, such as television broadcasts and steroidal drug use, has detrimentally impacted sports from the fan's perspective. Bibliography lists 4 sources.

• NFL Salaries and Econometrics

  This 10 page report discusses the top-ten salaries of National Football League quarterbacks and then considers the ways in which they represent some of the most fundamental econometrics of the NFL. Bibliography lists 4 sources.

• Volleyball Serving Improvements

  A 5 page paper discussing what parts of anatomy and what actions need to be addressed in achieving improved performance in the service of a volleyball, which is more straightforward than achieving improvement in other areas. Conditions always are consistent in terms of distance to send the ball, where to send the ball and the motions involved in accomplishing a successful serve. Improvements in the results of the serve therefore can focus on the server’s approach to the ball and the level of strength s/he includes in making contact with the ball to initiate its movement. The server soon will determine what level of force applied will result in placing the ball in the desired area of the opposing team’s court without traveling out of bounds. Once these principles are defined in action, ultimate improvement in performance rests on the repetition of practice. Bibliography lists 5 sources.

• Serving a Volleyball and its Kinesiology

  This 10 page paper provides an overview of the kinesiology of the volley ball serve, with a focus on the upper extremities. This paper assesses things like skill, balance and an anatomical analysis as well as a mechanical analysis. Bibliography lists 15 sources.

• Sports Management Curriculum, Virtual Reality, and Traditional Simulation

  In three pages this paper examines the difference between traditional simulation and virtual reality and how each could be applied to a sport management curriculum. Seven sources are listed in the bibliography.

• Volleyball Officiating, Coaching, Nonverbal Communication and Nuances

  This 10 page report discusses the ways in which nonverbal communication serves as an essential aspect of both coaching and officiating the sport of volleyball. The most effective and “proper” techniques and responsibilities of a line judge for the fast-paced game of volleyball involve specific signals, movements, and cues that allow officials to understand what is happening at different areas of the court, whether or not their own line of sight is impaired. The same concept holds true for the coaches of competing teams. Bibliography lists 15 sources.

• Soccer and Volleyball

  This 3 page paper discusses the similarities and differences between soccer and volleyball. Bibliography lists 3 sources.

• Great Britain's Colonial Power Losses

  A 5 page paper discussing the phenomena of sports' and athletes' unethical and, often, immoral behavior both on the playing field and off. Bibliography lists four sources.

• College Playing Fields and the Uses of Artificial Turf or Natural Grass

  An 8 page comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of artificial and natural turf’s in the collegiate environment. Relies heavily on data for pro-football. Bibliography lists 5 sources.

• The Compleat Angler by Izaak Walton

  A 5 page analysis of the seventeenth century classic that mixes philosophical musings on nature with advice on how to catch fish. In the mid-seventeenth century, author Izaak Walton witnessed the English civil war with a rising sense of horror. A firm Royalist, Walton reported that the 'malice and madness' was 'scarce credible, but I saw it' (4). To provide himself and his friends with a 'recreative distraction' during this period of awful public turmoil, Walton composed The Compleat Angler, which was first published in 1653 (8). 'Angling' is, of course, the art of fishing, and in detailing his considerable knowledge on this subject, Walton offered his readers a pastoral retreat from the political pressures of the day. No additional sources cited.

• Fracture Healing and the Impacts of Smoking and Alcoholism

  6 pages in length. Fracture injuries are difficult enough to heal without the negative influence that smoking and alcohol place upon the process. Such injuries, quite often related to sports activities and old age, depend upon a healthy, unadulterated physical state as a means by which to properly mend; when intruded upon by tobacco and alcohol, the entire healing process becomes somewhat compromised. Bibliography lists 15 sources.

 

Most Relevant Research Papers

Click on any of the term papers to read a brief synopsis of the research paper. The essay synopsis includes the number of pages and sources cited in the paper.

• Golf and Its Benefits to Health
• Fitness and Its Hypertension Benefits
• The Effects of Female Coaches on Male Sports Teams
• Nutrition for Athletes
• Surfing and the Korean Martial Art Tang Soo Do
• Overview of Collegiate Sports' Title IX
• Sports' Success and Motivation
• Violence and the Role Models of Professional Sports Figures
• Sports Performance and Nutrition
• Power at Play Sports and the Problem of Masculinity by Michael A. Messner Reviewed