A 5 page paper discussing advances in the purification of water used in the manufacture of semiconductors. Today's reverse osmosis technology is greatly more advanced than that of only a decade ago when membrane pores were large and no other filtration system, such as activated carbon, was used in parallel with reverse osmosis. The technology for the filtration process, as for semiconductor manufacturing, has improved to a level that today it provides an effective and cost-efficient method of purifying water used in the manufacture of semiconductors. Bibliography lists 10 sources.

This 12 page paper looks at the carbon footprint of the construction industry, they that the emission are created and measures that may be used to reduce the carbon footprint. The paper focuses on the materials used in construction and building and levels in the UK. The bibliography cites 22 sources.

A 4 page paper that discusses a number of factors involved in learning. The writer comments on brain-based learning, meaningful learning, schema theory, relevance, neural connections, prior knowledge, levels of processing and activating prior knowledge. The paper ends with a short example of brain-based learning. Bibliography lists 7 sources.

This 11 page paper answers five questions about the carbon market. The first question considers whether or not the offsetting market will encourage sufficient measures to prevent the need for multilateral intervention. The second question considers how the Internet may help small to medium-size offset providers in developing countries. The third question discusses the potential impact on the jobs market of a growing carbon market. The fourth question considers what aspect would be important in the business plan for a supplier in a developing country. The last part of the paper considers potential of offsetting to become a moneymaking opportunity in the money markets. The bibliography cites 10 sources.

A 5 page paper discussing changes in the Earth's atmosphere over the last several million years. It is possible that the secondary atmosphere (the first was probably lost) contained even more carbon dioxide than that of today. Volcanic activity was much more pronounced, and there likely were not as many photosynthetic ocean organisms available to use it. The one change we can be certain of is that there is more oxygen now than when it first began to be a standard element of the atmosphere. Bibliography lists 7 sources.